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研究生： 鄭慕涵
Cheng, Muhan
論文名稱： 以權益關係人分析及船舶風險評估強化臺灣壓艙水管理
Enhancing ballast water management in Taiwan through stakeholder analysis and vessel risk assessment
指導教授： 劉大綱
Liu, Ta-Kang
共同指導教授: 陳璋玲
Chen, Chung-Ling
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工學院 - 海洋科技與事務研究所
Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine Affairs
論文出版年： 2020
畢業學年度： 108
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 155
中文關鍵詞： 壓艙水管理 、紮根理論 、權益關係人分析 、風險因子 、層級分析法
外文關鍵詞： ballast water management, grounded theory, stakeholder analysis, risk factors, AHP
相關次數： 點閱：169  下載：9 
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    • 為減低伴隨著海運帶來外來種入侵風險，造成生態、財產、人體健康等損失，國際海運組織於2004年通過國際壓艙水公約，並於2017年生效。本研究試圖透過分析權益關係人對此議題之看法及建構一套船舶風險評估工具來強化臺灣壓艙水管理，藉此提昇海域環境管理，並達成臺灣永續發展目標。

    本論文第一部分利用紮根理論探討權益關係人對於壓艙水管理的看法，提出管理方案建議，包括將壓艙水管理納入臺灣國際商港環境管理，亦即綠色港口範疇。綠色港口策略結合海運資源及港口生態研究，並與國際管理趨勢接軌，以取得國際港口更多海洋入侵種及壓艙水管理資訊。在壓艙水管理範疇中，為使執法過程更為順利，最需要被建立的則是健全的港口國管制程序與船上壓艙水處理系統的技術與知識。最後，法治、機構能力建置、民眾推廣及教育、及海洋生態研究等四個面向則是海洋污染管理四個重要基礎。

    本論文第二部分結合德菲法(Delphi)及層級分析法(AHP)，透過蒐集21位國內外專家意見發展出一套船舶風險評估工具，該工具計入包含船舶特性及壓艙水來源兩大類共十項風險因子，可運用於壓艙水管理港口國執法上，能有效篩選高風險船舶。

    本論文提出之壓艙水管理方案以及風險評估工具，可作為整合臺灣海洋生物性污染管理的案例，增進海洋治理，以達永續海洋之效。

    To mitigate the risk of introducing invasive species via shipping, The Ballast Water Management Convention was adopted in 2004 and entered into force in 2017. The study aimed to enhance ballast water management through stakeholder analysis and vessel risk assessment.

    The first part of this dissertation is to develop a management plan by adopting grounded theory to explore the stakeholders’ perceptions and harmonizing the international and domestic policy. It’s suggested to integrate ballast water management into the environmental management scope of Taiwan international ports, i.e. green port strategy. Second, it’s found that the local ballast water management required comprehensive port state control and technical competency development. Moreover, legislation, research, institutional capacity and outreach/education are the four fundamentals to initiate marine bio-invasion management.

    The second part is to develop a comprehensive framework for evaluating an incoming vessel’s risk level of introducing Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens via ballast water by employing the Delphi method and an analytic- hierarchy-process-based decision analysis process. Ten out of fifteen risk factors were selected under two categories: 1) source of ballast water and 2) vessel characteristics, and each is with a weighted value calculated from experts’ inputs.

    The proposed management plan provides the provision of a sustainable marine environmental management in Taiwan. Furthermore, the derived risk assessment could serve as a decision-making tool to assist port states in identifying potential high risk vessels on the borders, as part of an effective implementation and enforcement of management plan.

    中文摘要 I Abstract II 致謝 V List of Tables X List of Figures XI Abbreviation List XII Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research background 1 1.2 Research scope 4 1.3 Research process flowchart 5 1.4 Objectives and organization 7 Chapter 2 Development of ballast water management plan 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Materials and methods 10 2.2.1 Literature review 10 2.2.2 Semi-structured interview 11 2.2.3 Grounded Theory 16 2.3 The Ballast Water Management Convention 18 2.3.1 Structures and components of the Convention 18 2.3.2 Guidelines for port state control under the BWM Convention 22 2.3.3 National requirements of ballast water management 22 2.3.4 Current management measures for ballast water management in Taiwan 26 2.4 Biodiversity conservation and invasive species control in Taiwan 30 2.4.1 NCSD - National sustainability development goals 30 2.4.2 NCSD-Biodiversity Program 34 2.4.3 Academia Sinica, Ministry of Science and Technology and the Council of Agriculture - Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility 35 2.4.4 Bureau of Forestry, COA- Invasive species management 37 2.4.5 Summary 39 2.5 Results 41 2.5.1 Highlights of the semi-structured interview 41 2.5.2 Open coding 51 2.5.3 Axial coding 57 2.5.4 Selective coding 66 2.6 Discussion 68 2.6.1 Integrating ballast water management into the green port strategy 71 2.6.2 Ballast water management requires comprehensive port state control and technical competency 74 2.6.3 Legislation, research, institutional capacity and outreach/education are the fundamentals to initiate marine bio-invasion management 76 2.6.4 Summary 84 Chapter 3 Risk assessment model based on expert’s perspective for ballast water management 85 3.1 Introduction 85 3.2 Material and Methods 87 3.2.1 Focus Group 89 3.2.2 Delphi Method 89 3.2.3 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 91 3.3 Results 94 3.3.1 Focus Group 94 3.3.2 Delphi Method 97 3.3.3 AHP Survey 101 3.4 Discussion 106 3.4.1 Factor Selection 106 3.4.2 Comparison of Delphi and AHP results 108 3.4.3 Characteristics of the model 108 3.4.4 Future Application 109 Chapter 4 Conclusions 111 References 115 Appendix 1 The email and information sent to the interviewees before the interview 125 Appendix 2　The Delphi Questionnaire First Round 131 Appendix 3　The Delphi Questionnaire Second Round　An example of T01 137 Appendix 4　The AHP Questionnaire 149 Appendix 5　Ballast Water Reporting Form 155

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