在知識經濟飛速發展的今天，知識對於社會的進步、經濟的發展發揮了相當重要的功能。對於企業而言，企業的競爭力和發展力在相當程度上與企業對知識的獲取能力、儲存能力、傳播能力、運用能力和開發創新能力密切相關，從而促使知識管理的概念被提出。而知識分享是知識管理的最大障礙。知識分享的執行已經成為企業知識管理的一個重要內容，甚至成為一個衡量知識管理品質的主要的衡量標準。知識的分享程度越高越能更多地展現出知識的網路效應，知識的分享對於組織內知識的累積增加具有更低的成本，組織內的員工越能積極分享知識越能發揮知識的價值。所以研究影響知識分享的變數成為一個重要的研究課題。
本研究是想要探討企業成員之間的知識分享行為，並且採用在管理領域之中常用到的社會認知理論，作為本研究模型的理論基礎。現有的關於企業成員知識分享行為的研究，較少用到社會認知理論，而此理論利用自我效能等認知因素來解讀人的行為影響的能力，已獲得了許多實證研究的證實。本研究運用對社會認知理論與知識分享相關文獻的分析，利用社會認知理論來建立知識分享的概念模型，分析了環境因素和個人因素對知識分享行為的影響，認為環境因素中的組織文化和轉換型領導行為，個別因素中的自我效能、對個人的結果期望將影響知識分享行為，而環境因素也會影響個別因素。本研究使用問卷調查的方法來收集企業內員工對知識分享相關構面的實際感受。且採用結構方程模型(SEM)的分析方法，對假設加以檢定。
本研究之研究結果及結論為﹕組織文化對自我效能有顯著正面影響﹔轉換型領導行為對自我效能有顯著負面影響﹔自我效能對知識分享行為影響顯著﹔自我效能對員工的個人結果期望也有顯著正面影響﹔員工個人結果期望對知識分享行為有顯著正面影響。證實知識分享的自我效能是知識分享行為的關鍵因素。最後，本研究運用對實證結果的分析，就其結果進行討論，並進行理論上的解讀，進而提出有利於知識分享的建議。

The knowledge-based economy has developed today, and the knowledge has become so important to the development of social and economy.To the enterprises,the competitiveness and development have largely dependent on the ability of the acquistion,storage,tranmission,use,exploitation and innovation that the enterprises get knowledges.So,the conception of knowledge management has been brought forwards.The knowledge sharing is the most obstacle in the knowledge management.The achieveing of the knowledge sharing has been the important content of the knowledge management,furthermore been a scale standard of the knowledge management quality.The more knowledge sharing,the more knowledge network effects,and there are lower cost to the knowledge accumulation because of the knowledge sharing.The employees has more shared knowledges,the more value of knowledge will be exerted.So the research on the variables which influence the knowledge sharing has been an important study subject.In this study,we want to research the knowledge sharing(KS)in the enterprise based on the social cognitive theory(SCT)which has generally been used in the area of management.Researches on the knowledge sharing behavior among members are not so much and the explaining ablitility of the self- efficiancy on the behavior has been approved by a lot of researches.Through the analysis of the SCT and knowledge sharing literatures,a model will be built which been based on the SCT.This paper analyse the circumstance factors and individual factors and the influence to the KS,considering the organization culture and the Leadership behavior in the circumstance factors,and the self efficiancy and outcome expectation based on the individual,will influence the KS behavior,and the circumstance factors will be influence the individual factors.In validating our research model with SEM,our data supported all the paths postulated by SCT except the relationship from organization culture to knowledge sharing behavior,transformational Leadership to knowledge sharing behavior.The culture organization and transformational Leadership have impact on the knowledge sharing self-efficiancy;the self-efficiancy has impact on the knowledge sharing behavior,and outcome expectation based on person;person-based outcome knowledge sharing behavior.The self-efficiancy is the key factor to the knowledge sharing behavior.The result will be usefull both to the academic and business in their advocacy of the conduct of knowledge sharing.

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