本研究以我國離岸風場潛在災害與防救機制之探討為主要探討對象，藉由探討國內外已發生或可能發生之災害事故樣態，並綜合學術研究報告、網站資料、相關組織機構等提供之資訊，而據以整理我國現有對於各式不同災害事故樣態之處理應變方式與法規文件，以及發展離岸風電產業之利益關係人對於國內災防救體制現況之看法與見解並進行分析，最後依據上述結果提出相關建議。
本研究蒐集國內離岸風電災害防救的實際案例，國外救援現況至少具三種模式，如英國為政府機構主導應變，透過民間單位協助支援，且廠商須備有一定程度自救能量；德國則由離岸風電業者共同籌措資金，聯合組成災防救之緊急應變單位；丹麥的方式為，由政府單位提供相關規範，民間單位依規範來執行，由聯合救援協調中心指揮不同單位處理。台灣則為，風電業者依規範採取應變措施，再通知政府單位，且政府單位已建置救援能量，由海巡單位或是空勤總隊以艦艇或直升機無償協助人員救援。
另，將離岸風電海域潛在災害事故分類為七類致災事故，以及四類可能造成災害之事故樣態。七大災害事故類型分別為：輸電線路故障、漁船誤入風場造成漁網絞纏風電設備、風機設施倒塌或零件掉落、風場區域油污染、風場區域船舶碰撞等海難事故、人員傷亡，以及綜合二類或以上之事故類型之複合型災害。另，其他可能影響風場施工或運維之事故則分為漁船影響風場施工、船舶航經風場水域關閉自動識別系統、船舶對峙造成風場停止運作、無主廢棄船舶漂流等至少四個樣態。
首先，離岸風電業者需自備一定程度之救援能量，當離岸風場水域發生災害事故時，政府單位會依據事故類型不同，適時介入協助處理，如交通部管理海難事故、經濟部主責輸電線路事故、海保署追蹤海洋污染事故處理進度、海巡署進行災害援救等。
離岸風場水域若發生人員傷亡事故，當前應考量救難船隻及直升機之救援便利性，特別是在彰化風場航道、密集風場區域之中，再來為業者各自擬定之應變計畫不同可能增加救援時之複雜程度等，以及國內離岸風電產業正於近年來逐步發展之中，屆時如何有效執行救援流程將是一大重點。輸電線路事故及風電設施倒塌或零件掉落之事故多半由業者自行修復。船舶海難事故現階段國內應對方式較為完備，多有可對應處理之法規與文件，不過部分非傳統漁業船舶與風場水域間的關係則較少被提及，以及可能因僅鼓勵但未強制安裝如自動識別系統等監控設備，而較無法減少災害產生。油污染事件現多由「海洋污染防治法」及其應變計畫來處理，尚待未來條文修正增列污染發生後之通報時限等。漁船誤入風場致漁網絞纏風電設備事故，因當前除部分禁航水域外，並未嚴格限制漁船出入營運中之風場，未來業者可多加與漁民溝通協調，或是明確海上標誌等應對。無實際損害事故國內有相關處罰規範，如驅趕登記、扣押處罰或吊銷執照等，船舶對峙事故需雙方協商，無主廢棄船舶交由海巡單位拖帶回港等方式。另，國內各單位對於災害共管中心之意見，多為希望待建立明確管理機制，較為完善後再考慮。
本研究就研究結果，提出未來可供參考為，依照現行救援制度，由政府提供救援，而廠商出部分資金，此方案可能為我國現行最適合之辦法。「離岸風電災防害防救業務計畫」可參酌災害樣態及上位業務計畫以擬定。「商港法」等法規如「海污法」增修通報時限。另，人命安全事故建議業者間討論出較一致之標準。漁民與風場水域的關係建議強化自動識別系統補助及漁民教育或座談會等，甚至直接禁止使用避免事故產生。其餘議題如共管中心則仍待擬定一套完整系統，水域資料庫之資訊強化等。

The main purpose of this research is to understand the potential disasters and prevention/rescue mechanisms of offshore wind farms in Taiwan. In order to investigate this issue, the information from other researchers, websites, or related organizations had been reviewed. In addition, the laws and documents related to the prevention of disasters, the views from stakeholders also were collected and analyzed. Suggestions were accordingly proposed.
The research analyzed all the different rescue operations from other countries. First, the England government cooperates with private organizations to perform rescue operations, and the offshore wind-farm owners should prepare their own self-rescue teams. Second, in Germany, the owners fund a co-rescue organization for the task. Third, in Denmark, the owners and related companies follow the regulations from the government, and get rescue by Joint Rescue Coordination Center (JRCC). In Taiwan, the owners should prepare emergency response plans (ERP) and notify the government first, and then the government will provide appropriate help.
The potential disasters of offshore wind-farms can be categorized into seven types, and four possible situations, which include: 1) failure of transmission line; 2) fishing boat and gear problem; 3) overturned or dropped offshore wind facilities; 4) oil pollution; 5) marine disasters such as ship collision; 6) injury; 7) compound disaster. Besides, other situations include: wind farm construction disturbed by vessel, vessel navigation without AIS system, confrontation with the maintenance crew, and unknown floated vessel.
First, the owner of offshore wind farm should prepare rescue equipment and adequate procedure to a certain extent. When any offshore wind farm disaster occurs, the government will help handle it according to the type of accidents.
When injuries take place at offshore wind farms, the convenience of rescue operation should be taken into account(vessel/helicopter), especially in the Chunghua wind farm seaway. Then, the failure of the transmission line won’t lead to serious problems, and it can be fixed easily. Moreover, there already exist laws and progresses have been made to solve marine disasters. While, some specific vessels (fishing boat, sport fishing vessel, yacht) have not been asked to install the AIS system and take out the insurance, and it might bring about some problems. By contrast, the oil pollution events are solved according to ‘‘Marine pollution prevention law’’ and its contingency plan, but the deadline needs to be fixed in the law. Then, there is not any severe restriction of fishing vessel sailing except in some prohibited areas, and the problem of fishing boats and gears could be handled by communication.
There are specific laws to handle the rest of potential disasters. For instance, wrecked vehicles can be deported, driven away, or tugged. Besides, the comments about joint center for disasters are the more well-done system, the more supported.
In the end, suggestions about management of wind farm disasters were proposed: according to the rescue progress recently, the government offers the necessary rescue services, but the developers should pay for it. The Offshore Wind Farm Prevention and Response (P&R) Operation Plan may follow the possible type of disasters and the following P&R plan. The law of commercial port may be fixed about dealing deadline of disasters. Then, the owner should let the ERP be similar about the injuries in offshore. The communication and subsidy for AIS system installation for fishers are also necessary. It also needs a well-done plan for joint management and water database system.

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[78] 內政部國土空間及利用審議資訊專區。網址：https://lud.cpami.gov.tw/
[79] 臺中港務分公司。網址：http://tc.twport.com.tw
[80] 海域大地與能源研究室。網址：
http://www.loge.hyd.ncku.edu.tw/research3-1.html
[81] IGP&L。網址：https://www.igpandi.org/article/ig-guidance-risk-dprk
[82] 中央通訊社（閱覽日期：2021/6/17）。網址：www.cna.com.tw
上下游（閱覽日期：2021/8/1）。網址：
https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/133477/