鈣鈦礦的缺陷是電荷的再結合中心，對於鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的性能有害。為了減少缺陷密度，第一部份以十二胺(DAM)、十二酸(DAC)和12-氨基月桂酸(ALA)作為添加劑來製備鈣鈦礦薄膜，本研究探討了這些分子對甲基胺基碘化鉛(MAPbI3)薄膜的鈍化效應。結果表明，含有胺基團(-NH2)和羧酸基團(-COOH)的DAM和DAC可以增加器件的光電轉換效率，由於這兩個基團是典型的路易斯鹼，可以鈍化配位不足的Pbx+缺陷。對於ALA分子，-NH2和-COOH基團同時存在於分子的兩端，鈍化能力比其他分子更顯著，這歸因於兩個基團的協同作用。透過ALA的鈍化處理，PSC的光電轉換效率可以在一太陽照射下從18.42%提高到19.96%(冠軍效率為20.32%，穩定效率為19.68%)，此外，鈍化劑的長碳鏈也提高了鈣鈦礦薄膜的疏水性，使PSC的穩定性提升。
　　第二部分以苯磺酸鈉(SBS)與十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)離子化合物作為鈣鈦礦薄膜之修飾劑，其擁有鈉陽離子(Na+)與磺酸根(SO3-)/硫酸根(SO4-)陰離子基團，透過陰陽離子的協同作用分別鈍化正電缺陷(VI+, MAi+, Pbi2+)與負電缺陷(VMA-與IPb3-)。由於SDS的長碳鏈作為推電子基團增強了陰離子與鈣鈦礦之間的離子與路易士交互作用，導致SDS的連接行為、晶粒成長與缺陷鈍化皆比SBS更加顯著。透過SDS的鈍化處理，PSC的光電轉換效率可以在一太陽照射下從18.84%提升至20.33%(冠軍效率為20.70%，穩定效率為20.61%)，並獲得可忽略的遲滯行為，不僅如此，Na+離子可存在於[PbI6]4-間係以提升碘離子的遷移活化能，這避免了鈣鈦礦與銀電極的破壞，提高PSC的穩定性。

Defects in perovskite film are sources of charge recombination centers, which are detrimental to the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To decrease the density of defects, dodecylamine (DAM), dodecylic acid (DAC), and 12-aminolauric acid (ALA) are utilized as additives to prepare methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite films. Herein, the passivation effects of these molecules on the properties of the MAPbI3 films and the performances of the corresponding PSCs are studied. The results show that DAM and DAC which contain –NH2 and –COOH groups, respectively, can increase the PCEs of the devices. This result implies that both groups serve as the Lewis base, passivating the defects of undercoordinated Pbx+. For the ALA molecules, the –NH2 and –COOH groups are present simultaneously at the two ends of the molecule; the passivation ability is more significant than the others, which is attributable to the synergistic effects of the two groups. By the passivation of ALA, the PCE of the PSC can increase from 18.42% to 19.96% (with the highest efficiency of 20.32% and stable efficiency of 19.68%) under one sun illumination. Furthermore, the treatments of the passivation agents also increase the hydrophobicity of the perovskite films, improving the stability of the PSCs.
　　In the second part, sodium benzenesulfonate (SBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are used as modifiers for perovskite films. They possess sodium cations (Na+) and sulfonate (SO3-) or sulfate (SO4-) anionic groups. Through the synergistic effect of anions and cations, they passivate positive defects (VI+, MAi+, Pbi2+) and negative defects (VMA- and IPb3-). The long carbon chain of SDS, acting as an electron-donating group, enhances the ionic and Lewis interactions between the anions and the perovskite. This leads to more significant effects on the grain growth and defect passivation compared to SBS. By the passivation with SDS, the PCE of the PSC can be improved from 18.84% to 20.33% under one sun illumination (with a champion efficiency of 20.70% and a stable efficiency of 20.61%). Additionally, the presence of Na+ ions between [PbI6]4- framework increases the activation energy for iodine migration. This prevents the degradation of the perovskite and the silver electrode, thereby improving the stability of the PSC.

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