本研究以臺灣商港管理機關港務公司為經營主體，分析商港發展垂釣事業之可行性評估，並針對推動垂釣事業之法令適法性、區位合宜性、市場可及性及潛在需求性，以及商業模式可行性及財務效益性進行探討，同時蒐集商港釣魚團體對現況及未來管理方式之看法，最後依據上述結果提出相關建議。
　　本研究於九處商港針對釣客進行問卷調查，回收有效問卷3,382份，分析結果為：（一）釣客特徵：前往商港垂釣之釣客主要以男性為主，年齡平均為40.7歲，動機主要為個人興趣及運動休閒，大部分前往鄰近的商港釣魚，受地緣關係影響大。（二）釣魚活動特性：前往商港垂釣的頻率分布極端，由偶爾去（每月1-3次佔37.2%）及經常去（每月七次以上44.1%）組成，平均一個禮拜可達兩次，頻率高。交通工具主要為汽車及機車，每次垂釣平均停留6.8小時。（三）釣客對於管理方式之看法：釣客普遍認同現行委託社團管理垂釣場域之方式，亦認同繳交清潔維護費，願付金額介於100-200元。管理方面，釣客認為只需要場地維護的管理。
　　法令適法性方面，港務公司可依「國營港務股份有限公司設置條例」第2條，經營性質上屬於觀光遊憩業之休閒垂釣事業，但「商港法」明文規定商港垂釣區委託登記有案之社團管理，且防波堤屬公共基礎設施，為國家所有，港務公司於防波堤僅有興建維護等管理權，能否以防波堤作營利行為尚待釐清。
　　區位合宜性方面，利用風速符合標準天數佔一年比例之條件、垂釣區域旁有無可使用空地，以及垂釣場域使用者類別，三項指標進行分析。結果顯示，安平港及布袋港區位合宜性較其他商港佳。
　　市場可及性及潛在需求性方面，107年全部商港釣客人數為3,567人，107年全部商港最大釣客人數為19,359人。依據商港與委託單位簽訂契約之年齡規定，18歲以上得進入垂釣，以及問卷結果顯示釣客多為男性，根據內政部戶政司民國108年8月人口統計資料，並假設臺灣18歲以上男性每10人中有1人為潛在垂釣人口，預估全國潛在釣客人數約有976,681人。由上述資料得知，商港垂釣人口市佔率分別為0.36%及1.98%，皆小於2%，結果顯示釣客於商港垂釣之市場可及性及潛在需求性不高。
　　商業模式可行性及財務效益性方面，每年各港商港釣客人次預估之效益，基隆港為-188萬元、臺北港為-278萬元、臺中港為-188萬元、布袋港為2萬元、安平港為-158萬元及花蓮港為-466萬元，顯示各港的經營效益不佳。若加總上述效益值，商港釣客人次預估之效益為-1276萬元。
　　未來若港務公司為休閒垂釣事業之經營主體，可能會面臨到效益不佳，且需直接面對釣客對於垂釣場域之品質要求及相關問題，使得垂釣場域需要額外派遣人力，管理及解決釣客間糾紛，進而增加人事成本，但如果因此提高收費價格，將可能減少前往商港垂釣之釣客人數，造成垂釣事業收入下降，而難以經營。綜合上述可行性評估結果，商港以港務公司為經營主體發展休閒垂釣事業可行性較低。
　　本研究就研究結果，提出以下建議：（一）建議政府設置其他垂釣場域。（二）建議維持現有委託釣魚社團自主管理垂釣區域，相關業務由現有管理部門適度調整人力辦理較為合適。（三）由於許多資料缺乏（如堤面整修費用、釣客人次、海堤開放天數、全國釣魚人口等），係以假設值或初估值進行推估。建議未來強化釣魚社團蒐集釣客人次及開放天數等資料，以更精確評估垂釣活動之效益。（四）建議邀請專家學者、釣魚社團及垂釣活動承辦人等，成立垂釣小組，就委託方式、場域規範及社團應辦理事項等，進行滾動式檢討，以持續改善商港辦理垂釣活動之運作模式。

　　The objective of this research is to assess feasibility of commercial port authorities developing recreational fishing industry in Taiwan. To fulifill this objective, four aspects of developing recreational fishing industry in commercial harbors were analyzed, including legal feasibility, suitability of port sites, financial viability, and potential demand for recreational fishing. In addition, the views of anglers on the current as well as future management measures were explored. Suggestions were accordingly proposed.
　　Surveys for anglers were conducted at nine commercial ports. A total of 3,382 valid questionnaires were obtained. The results showed that: 1) the average age of anglers is 40.7 and the major motivation for recreational fishing is personal interest and leisure; 2) anglers generally go fishing two times a week and go to harbors by cars or motorcycles; 3) anglers mostly agree to the current management mode of fishing sites, which is a specific angler association being entrusted by port authorities to manage the site, the payment of cleaning fees which were between 100 and 200 NTD. Analyzing the legal feasibility showed that port authorities is eligible to run recreational fishing business since it
belongs to tourism and recreation which is allowed according to Article 2 of Taiwan International Ports Corporation, Ltd. Establishment Act. However, Article 36 of Commercial Port Act stipulates that angler associations are the ones to be entrusted to manage fishing sites, not port authorities themselves. Furthermore, breakwaters are public facilities and it is therefore doubtful that port authorities can use public facilities to run recreational fishing business to make profits.
　　The data of wind speed, availability of unused spaces around fishing areas, and types of users were used to analyse the suitability of port sites. The anslysis showed that Budai harbor and Anping harbor are relatively suitable ports to develop recreational fishing industry.
　　Market demand for recreational fishing was　investigated by evaluating the　number of potential anglers in Taiwan. The result showed that the percentage of anglers at commercial harbors was very low, less than 2% of the whole　population of angers. This indicates that the potential demand for recreational fishing at commercial harbors is low.
　　Analyzing financial viability showed that all harbors presented negative net benefits per year. The total loss would be 12.76 million NTD. Based the analysis of four aspects, it was conducted that the feasibility of port authorities developing recreational fishing industry is low.
　　In the end, suggestions were proposed: 1) in addition to commercial harbors, the government actively establishes other recreational fishing sites; 2)
the current management of fishing sites is maintained; 3) in light of this research mostly relying on assumed data, it is recommended to strengthen to collect data on the actual number of anglers and the number of days open for
fishing; 4) an ad hoc committee is established, including experts, anglers and port authorities, to regularly check the current operation mode and take adaptive measures to improve recreational fishing quality at commercial harbors.
　　The goal of research is to assess the feasibility of developing recreational fishing in Taiwan commercial ports. The research conducts a survey with anglers in commercial ports. Based on the servey results, the feasibility assessment will contain four parts: benefits, locations appropriate, assessment the number of anglers at ports and legality. The angler questionnaire results indicate that: 1) the anglers’ average age is 40.7, and the motivation for fishing is personal interest and recreation; 2) the average period of anglers fishing in commercial ports is two times a week, and the vehicles anglers mainly use are cars and scooters; 3) anglers agree with entrusting local fishing community to manage the fishing area; 4) the period of price they are willing to pay is between 100 and 200 NT. The total benefits of nine ports are estimated -12,760,000 NT. The suitable ports for fishing according to enviroment feature are Budai and Anping. The number of anglers fishing in commercial ports is calculated between 3,567 and 19,359. The best way for TIPC to manage recreational fishing legally is entrusting local fishing community according to “The Commercial Port Law” Article 36. As mentioned above, assessment feasibility of developing recreational fishing in Taiwan commercial ports by TIPC is bad. The findings suggest that the best strategy would be entrusting local fishing community. Second, local fishing community should provide the clear annual data, for example, the number of anglers and opening fishing days.

一、中文部分

王惠民(2005)。東北角海岸岸釣發展潛力、效益評估及其管理制度建構
　　之研究。國立臺灣海洋大學海洋資管理研究所碩士學位論文。
方彥博、黃祥晟、李貽鴻(2012)。馬祖群島外來海岸釣客對於海釣活動
　　環境空間滿意度之研究。休閒研究：4卷2期，15-44。　
　　http://dx.doi.org/10.29518/LS.201206.0002
林生傳(2003)。教育研究法-全方位的統整與分析。新北：心理。
林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花(2005)。質性研究方法：訪談模式與實施步驟
　　分析。身心障礙研究季刊：3卷2期。
林文彬(2019)。基隆市島礁磯釣證實施現況之研究。台北海洋科技大
　　學海洋休閒觀光系碩士論文。
姜皇池、陳國勝、葉雲虎、魏正杰、田覲嘉、許家誠(2011)。海域休閒
　　船釣管理制度之研究。行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告
　　(編號：RDEC-RES-099-035)。臺北市：行政院。
孫金華、江福松、施淵源、劉振鄉(2003)。台灣東北角磯釣釣者願付價
　　值之分析。農業經濟半年刊，74，63-88。
陳文湖(2007)。嘉南地區海釣休閒者參與歷程之研究。國立台東大學體
　　育學系體育教學碩士論文。
張雅喬(2015)。台灣娛樂漁業海釣經營現況及管理需求之研究。國立成
　　功大學海洋科技與事務研究所碩士論文。
陳璋玲、張雅喬(2016)。漁業新亮點：串起各地漁港的海釣新版圖。漁
　　業推廣月刊：358期，14-17。
陳璋玲、劉健合(2018)。海洋管理失落的一角：談海釣管理現況與未來
　　發展之建議。海洋委員會海巡雙月刊：92期，45-53。
陳璋玲、劉健合(2018)。基隆海上亮點：首創島礁磯釣管理制度。海洋
　　委員會海巡雙月刊：96期，51-56。
黃麗香(2007)。台灣外岸磯釣之環境評估及管理分析。國立臺灣海洋大
　　學應用經濟研究所碩士論文。
詹滿色、林妍伶、莊慶達(2007)。臺灣外岸磯釣遊憩效益之評估。農業
　　與經濟，39，45-72。

二、英文部分

Hilary Arksey, & Peter T. Knight (2011). Interviewing　for　Social Scientists.
　London: SAGE.
O. Bonnichsen, C.L. Jensen, S.B. Olsen (2019). Fishing for more tourists - An
　empirical investigation of tourist anglers’preferences for angling site
　quality. Marine Policy, 106, 103532.
Chung-Ling Chen, Ya-Chiao Chang (2017). A transition beyond traditional
　fisheries: Taiwan's experience with　developing fishing tourism. Marine
　Policy, 79, 84-91.
Edward V. Camp, Robert N.M. Ahrens, Chelsey Crandall, Kai Lorenzen
　(2018).Angler travel distances: Implications for spatial approaches to
　marine recreational fisheries governance. Marine Policy, 87, 263-274.
Steven J. Cooke, Ian G. Cowx (2006). Contrasting recreational and
　commercial fishing: searching for common issues to promote unified
　conservation of fisheries resources and aquatic environments, Biol.
　Conserv. 128(1), 93–108.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2018). The State of
　World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable
　development goals. (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO). Rome.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2012). FAO
　Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries. No. 13 - Recreational
　fisheries. (ISSN 1020-5292). Rome.
R.P. French, J.M. Lyle, W.M. Twardek, S.J. Cooke, J.M. Semmens (2019). A
　characterization of Australian shortfin mako shark anglers. Marine Policy,
　110, 103550.
William M. Goldsmith, Andrew M. Scheld, John E. Graves (2020). Decision-
　making in a mixed commercial-recreational fishery for Atlantic bluefin
　tuna. Marine Policy, 115, 103848.
John C. Holdsworth, Bruce W. Hartill, Andy Heinemann, Jeremy Wynne-
　Jones (2018). Integrated survey methods to estimate harvest by marine recreational fishers in New Zealand. Marine Policy, 204, 424-432.
N.I. Kadagi, N. Wambiji, M.E. Swisher (2020). Potential for conflicts in
　recreational and artisanal billfish fisheries on the coast of Kenya. Marine
　Policy, 117, 103960.
Hongguang Ma, Tom K. Ogawa , Thomas R. Sminkey , F. Jay Breidt ,
　Virginia M. Lesser , Jean D. Opsomer , John R. Foster , David A. Van
　Voorhees (2018). Pilot surveys to improve monitoring of marine
　recreational fisheries in Hawaiʻi. Marine Policy, 204, 197-208.
Wim C. Mullie (2019). Apparent reduction of illegal trawler fishing effort in
　Ghana's Inshore Exclusive Zone 2012–2018 as revealed by publicly
　available AIS data. Marine Policy, 108, 103623. 
William E. Pine III, Steven J.D. Martell, Olaf P. Jensen, Carl J. Walters, and
　James F. Kitchell (2008). Catch-and-release and size limit regulations for
　blue, white, and striped marlin: the role of postrelease survival in effective
　policy design. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 65,
　975-988.
Emily Rollins, Sabrina Lovell (2019). Charter fishing in Hawaii: A multi-
　region analysis of the economic linkages and contributions within and
　outside Hawaii. Marine Policy, 100, 277-287.
Zachary Schakner, Canon Purdy, Daniel T. Blumstein (2019). Contrasting
　attitudes and perceptions of California sea lions by recreational anglers and
　the media. Marine Policy, 109, 103710.
Ellary TuckerWilliams, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Christopher T. Hawkins
　(2018). Perspectives on developing a non-commercial saltwater fishing
　license program in Hawaiʻi. Marine Policy, 94, 174–179.

三、網路資源

臺灣港務股份有限公司。網址: https://www.twport.com.tw/chinese/
中華民國勞動部勞工保險局。網址：https://www.bli.gov.tw/index.html
蔡宗勳。布袋商港北防波堤10月起開放收費釣魚。自由時報。2019。
　網址：https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/1315655
直江津港第3防波堤管理釣場。網址：http://happyfishing-n.jp/
神戸市立須磨・平磯海づり公園。
　網址：http://www.umiduri.com/
横浜フィッシングピアーズ。
　網址：http://honmoku.yokohama-fishingpiers.jp/
Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development-Fisheries。
　網址：http://www.fish.wa.gov.au/Pages/Home.aspx
Ministry for Primary Industtries | NZ Government。
　網址：https://www.mpi.govt.nz/
National Saltwater Recreational Fisheries Policy, NOAA Fisheries
　網址：https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/