摘要
　　高雄地區近幾年因為台灣地區降雨分布不均特性以及氣候變遷的影響，而飽受缺水問題，然而，目前缺水的問題則是移轉農業部門的水至生活以及工業部門做使用，來解決日常生活以及工業的用水不足。故，因缺水而導致的經濟損失風險難以想像，缺水也將會大大影響這一個全國產值排名第二城市的產業發展並且造成生活上的不便。也因此，有鑑於缺水的問題以及日後因氣候變遷所帶來水資源的挑戰，本研究提出了三種不同在未來可行的水源設施興建方案：再生水廠、海水淡化廠以及高屏大湖第一期工程，用以建造來提升當地的供水可靠度以及穩定產業發展，並且分析此三種不同水資源設施所帶來之建造上的經濟效益、該不同設施所供給之水資源對於產業產出之經濟效益，以及該不同水源設施建造後，因而減少農業用水的移轉，所對於農業上的產出經濟效益，並且將分析結果提供給相關決策者參考，以利後續決策者在政策上的執行與規劃。
　　本研究首先採用主計處之民國100年國產品交易表52部門作為投入產出法之分析基礎，並且為了量化各個研究範疇對於生活部門的經濟效益，因而在表中增加了第53個部門-生活部門。由於研究地區在高雄，因此採用區位商數法(Location Quotients Method, LQ)來建立高雄地區的需求面以及供給面投入產出模型，並利用需求面投入產出模型模擬三種水源設施建造上對於高雄地區整體產業的經濟效益；利用供給面投入產出模型模擬三種水源設施所供給之水資源的經濟效益，以及因為該水源設施的建造而減少農業用水的依賴，所對於農業部門的經濟效益分析。
　　分析的結果顯示：(1).在設施興建中至興建完畢的期間上，再生水廠的興建可為高雄地區創造年約新台幣2,235.6百萬元之產出效果、771.86百萬元之所得效果以及900個工作機會；海水淡化廠的興建則可為高雄地區創造年約新台幣7,423.99百萬元之產出效果、2,563.21百萬元之所得效果以及2,989個工作機會；然而，高屏大湖第一期工程則可為高雄地區創造年約新台幣7,852.57百萬元之產出效果、2,711.18百萬元之所得效果以及3,162個工作機會。(2). 在設施所供給之水資源效益上，再生水廠所供給之再生水可為高雄地區帶來年約新台幣1,776.71百萬元之產出效果；然而海水淡化廠以及高屏大湖第一期工程所供給之水資源經濟效益相同，均可為高雄地區帶來年約新台幣2,731.1百萬元之產出效果。 (3). 因該不同水源設施之興建，而減少農業用水轉移之效益分析結果：因再生水的興建，而增加的再生水量將回歸等量的農業用水至農業部門使用，估計可增加當地農業新台幣92.96百萬元之產出；然而，因海水淡化廠以及高屏大湖第一期工程的興建，而增加的水資源量將回歸等量的農業用水至農業部門使用之經濟效益相同，估計可增加當地農業新台幣203.62百萬元之產出。
　　在此三種水源設施之經濟效益分析中，雖然海水淡化廠以及高屏大湖第一期工程在水資源以及穩定農業發展上的經濟效益均相同，但是由於高屏大湖第一期工程在設施的建造上之經濟效益為三者中最大、且其每單位製水成本均小於海水淡化廠，因此在成本以及經濟效益的比較考量上，建議以高屏大湖第一期工程作為政策執行上的優先考量。

Abstract
　　Kaohsiung area, the second biggest city in Taiwan has been suffering from water shortage for a long time due to uneven rainfall temporal distribution. The water source for Kaohsiung area mainly comes from the rainy season which begins from May to September, the rainfall of that period accounts nearly 90% of annual rainfall. However, it rarely rains in dry season which begins from October to April, this uneven rainfall temporal distribution makes water retention a tough task. A research project from Southern Region Water Resource Office indicates that the daily average water supply cannot meet the daily water demand by the amount of 265,100 cubic meters, hence the agricultural water is inevitably transferred to industry and residential sector to fill up the gap. However it is not always a good way to solve the problem, although the industry and residential sector get benefits from that transfer, it shall pose potential impact to agriculture sector. To meet the water demand of Kaohsiung area and enhance the reliability of water supply in the future, thus, the local government officials have been seeking to construct water resource facility to save and retain water in Kaohsiung area.
　　In the above point of view, this study used regional input and output (I-O) model which were established by location quotient method to evaluate the economic effects of the three feasible water resource facilities: reclaimed water plant, seawater desalination plant and Gaoping lake-phase one and provide the information to decision makers. The evaluations include the economic effects of facility construction and the amount of water supplied by each water resource facility, and also the economic effects of transferred agricultural water. However, most of I-O studies on water resource-related are focused on water shortage, different from those studies, this study created a residential sector in I-O table and estimated the economic effects of increased water resource in industry and residential sectors.
　　The results revealed that the construction of reclaimed water plant would create 2,235.6 million NTD output effect, 771.86 million NTD income effect and 900 job opportunities; the construction of seawater desalination plant would create 7,423.99 million NTD output effect, 2,563.21 million NTD income effect and 2,989 job opportunities; while the construction of Gaoping lake-phase one would create 7,852.57 million NTD output effect, 2,711.18 million NTD income effect and 3,162 job opportunities annually to Kaohsiung area during their construction period. As for the economic effects of water resource, the increase of 16.425 million cubic meters of reclaimed water use a year in industry sector would create 1,776.71 million NTD output effect annually to Kaohsiung area, moreover, the increase of 36.5 million cubic meters of water resource from seawater desalination plant or Gaoping lake-phase one a year in industry and residential sectors would create 2,731.1 million NTD output effect annually to Kaohsiung area.
　　Among the three different water resource facilities, Gaoping lake-phase one would be the better choice to be constructed to enhance the reliability of water supply and also to stabilize the development of agriculture sector in Kaohsiung area due to its relative low unit cost of water and the relative largest output effect, income effect and employment effect on facility construction.

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Research Project
1. Environmental & Infrastructural Technologies, Inc.(EITCO). (2007). Planning and Investigation for a Seawater Desalination Plant in Tainan. Water Resources Planning Institute, WRA.
2. NCKU Research & Development Foundation. (2015). Risk Assessment and Economic Analysis for Water Resources Supply and Demand in Kaohsiung Area. Southern Region Water Resource Office, Taiwan.