摘要
企業的創新績效，需要極龐大的投資。不管是現今競爭激烈的電子資訊產業
或是傳統的製造產業，創新之於企業的生存，是不得不為又不容忽視的長期投資。
經營者也瞭解到，想要維持創造性能力的代價或許可能很高，但是倘若無法維持
創新能力，其代價卻可能更高。台灣目前在科技與技術的發展上，創新的表現已
是在世界上名列前茅，尤其是晶圓代工及IC設計產業，更為全世界所肯定。研發
創新是保有台灣在世界地位競爭力的唯一方法，但面對如此競爭激烈的環境下，
以後是否能繼續保有競爭優勢，將會是一個大考驗。
本研究在探討技術合作期間，與聯盟夥伴之互動關係及企業資源配置對創新
績效之影響，透過技術合作聯盟、互動關係、資源配置與創新績效之相關文獻，
找出影響長期合作關係之前置因素，溝通與參與；以及企業資源配置之因素，資
源類與能力，並根據研究目的與研究假設，針對不同產業的研發單位主管及工程
師，為主要抽樣問卷發放的對象。本研究有效問卷回收為176份，其中63.1%為研
發工程師， 18.1%為公司階級主管，研究方法以因素分析、相關分析、迴歸分析
及結構方程式模式分析來驗證研究假設，並得到以下結論：
一、對於驗證技術合作聯盟、互動關係及資源配置各個構面和因素的相關性
的研究後，發現每一項彼此的相關性均顯著，這說明企業為提升創新績效同時，
應該多管齊下，而非單獨強調某些資源或互動的因素。
二、技術合作聯盟與互動關係兩個構面各自會與創新績效產生正向的影響，
且對於互動關係的影響程度高於技術合作聯盟，而技術合作聯盟也與互動關係有
正向的影響。
三、在互動關係構面加入技術合作聯盟與創新績效構面中後可證明，對於互
動關係加入後的值看來，技術合作聯盟會間接影響創新績效，說明互動關係為其
部分的中介效果。
四、本研究實證的結果給予企業界創新績效時的參考方向，而「技術合作聯
盟、互動關係、資源配置與創新績效」四個構面，也能組成一個有助企業達成競
爭優勢且永續經營整體模型。

Abstract
It's an extremely huge investment in Enterprise's innovation performance no matter for the Electronic/IT industry in keen competition nowadays or the traditional manufacturing industry. Innovation is the only way for the enterprise to survive. It can not be neglected in point of long-term investment. The enterprise's management team also gradually realizes that the cost of creating an innovative environment might be very high. However, it will be paid more if innovation ability can not be maintained well. Taiwan is always on top in technical innovation performance, especially in semiconductor chip foundry and IC design industry. It must be a big challenge to keep such a competitive advantage in the future. Developing research and innovation is the only method of keeping Taiwan in a good condition in such a competitive world. The main purpose of this research is to inquire into the influence factor of the interaction relationship of alliance and during technology cooperation period, by the related literature of enterprise's alliance of technical cooperation, Interaction Relationship, resource adaptability and innovation performance.

To find the influence for long-term cooperation relations the prior factor as: communication and participation, and enterprise's resource adaptability as the type of resource and capability. According to the study goal and this research hypothesis, this research is mainly with department managers and RD engineers in order to draw abject samples with different industries. Effective feedback quantity of this questionnaire is 176, 63.1% of the feedback is from research and development engineers, and 18.1% is from the company managers. These methods of research technique are factor analysis, person correlation analysis, regression analysis and Linear Structure Relation analysis to verigy the research hypothesis. And the conclusion is as below :

I. After confirmation to person correlation analysis with every construction and element of alliance of technical cooperation, interaction relationship, and resource adaptability. Fond every item of each other of them are noticeable, it can be explained that under the enterprise for the promotion innovation performance at the same time, should improve multi factors of resource and Interaction.

II. Both of the technical cooperation alliance and interaction relations will meet positive influence to innovation achievements, and interaction relations influence is higher than the technical cooperation alliance. Simultaneously, the technical cooperation alliance also meets positive influence to interaction relations.

III. Technical cooperation alliance will indirectly affect innovation performance after joining interaction relations construction between technical cooperation alliance and innovation performance structure from its value, it can be explained that interaction relations can only affect partial mediatory influence.

IV. The research real diagnosis result gives reference direction to enterprise innovation performance. The four constructions of "technical cooperation alliance, interaction relations, resources adaptability and innovation performance" also can compose to be helpful the enterprise to achieve the competitive advantage and forever continuity management model.

參考文獻
中文部分
1. 大前研一（2006年3月），創新者的思考：看見生意與創意的源頭, 商周出版。
2. 方世杰（1996），企業技術交易模式影響因素之探討，國立台灣大學商學系研究所未出版之博士論文。
3. 方世榮（1999），製造部門與行銷部門之互動與協調機制的實證研究，管理學報，頁403-425。
4. 吳思華（2000），策略九說，台北：臉譜文化，頁123-143。
5. 吳思華（1998），知識流通對產業創新的影響，第七屆產業管理研討會論文集。
6. 吳萬益、林清河（2001），企業研究方法，初版，華泰書局。
7. 李明軒、邱如美等譯, Porter, Michael E.著，（1995），競爭優勢（上、下），台北：天下文化出版股份有限公司。
8. 林公孚（2001），知識與知識管理，品質月刊，37，頁 56-61。
9. 林明杰（1992），技術能力與技術引進績效相關研究，國立政治大企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
10. 林晉寬（1995），從資源基礎理論探討資源特性與成長策略之關係，國立政治大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
11. 林財丁（2000），管理學技巧與應用第九版，台北：滄海，頁 54-65。
12. 林鴻達（1997），技術移轉之因果模式研究，國立中央大學工業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
13. 施振榮 著，林文玲 採訪整理（2004年10月29日初）《再造宏碁：開創、成長與挑戰》（全新增訂版），天下文化版，ISBN 9864173774
14. 柯文心（2000），市場結構、技術合作聯盟與經營績效之關聯性--資訊電子產業之實證，國立台北大學經濟學系碩士論文。
15. 高強、高重光（1994），由資源分配提升多單位組織之整體效率，中山管理評論，第 2 卷 2 期，頁18-28 。
16. 康嘉豪（2001），組織慣性、資源存量與專業特性評估對技術取得方式影響之研究，中央大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
17. 陳木雄（2004），技術合作夥伴關係對發展策略、競爭力影響之研究，國立中央大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班碩士論文。
18. 陳忠仁（1994），文化差異程度與國際技術移轉績效關係之研究--以在台外資企業為例，私立中原大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
19. 陳彥邦（2002），模糊多準則應用在航空公司選擇策略聯盟夥伴之研究，海洋大學航運管理研究所碩士論文。
20. 陳順宇（2000），多變量分析，第二版，華泰書局。
21. 鄒孝威（1997），策略型態、核心能耐與經營績效之關聯研究-以新竹科學園區資訊電子產業為例，私立輔仁大學管理學研究所未出版之碩士論文。
22. 蔡啟通（1997），組織因素、組織成員整體創造性與創造性與組織新之關係，國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
23. 賴士葆（1987），企業技術特性與新產品發展績效相關之研究，管理評論，6，102-114。
24. 簡俊才（1997），互動機制，吸收能力與訓練對技術移轉績之影響—以工研院主導之共同研發聯盟為例，國立暨南國際大學國際企業研究所未出版之碩士論文。

英文部分
1. Abernathy, W. J. and K. B. Clark, （1993） “Industrial Renaissance,” NY: Addison-Wesley.
2. Abernathy, W.J. and Utterback, J.M. （1982）, “Patterns of Industrial Innovation”, Management Innovation, pp. 97-108.
3. Amit, R. and Paul J. H. Schoemaker, （1993 Jan）“Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent”, Strategic Management Journal, pp.33-46.
4. Amit, R., and Schoemaker, P. J. H. （1993）. “Strategic assets and organizational rent.” Strategic Management Journal, 14（1）, pp. 33-46.
5. Ansoff, H. I. and Stewart, J.M.（1967） “Strategies For A Technology Based Business,” Harvard Business Review.Vol.67,No.6 pp.67-78.
6. Argyris, C. and Schon, D. （1978）, “Organizational Learning: a Theory of Action Perspective,” New York: Addision-Wesley.
7. Ayal, I ., and Rothberg, R. （1986）. “Strategic control of RandD resource allocations in diversified businesses.” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 3, 238-250.
8. Barnard, C. I. （1968）. “The functions of the executive. Cambrige,” Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
9. Barnard, C. I. （1970）. “The Function of the Executive, 19th ed.” Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University.
10. Barney, J. B. （1991）, “Firm Resource and Sustained Competitive Advantage ”, Journal of Management, Vol.17, pp. 99-120.
11. Barney, J.B. （1986）. “Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy. ”Management Science, 42, pp. 1231-1241.
12. Baron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A. （1986）, “The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research：Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical
13. Consideration,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51.
14. Bensaou, M. （1999） , “Portfolios of Buyer-Supplier Relationships”, Sloan Management Review , pp.35-34.
15. Betz, F.（2003）, Managing Technological innovation：Competitive Advantage from Change, WILEY.
16. Beubasat, A. （1994） ,“ Pioneering Versus Incremental Innovation: Review and Research Propositions,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol.11, pp.46-61.
17. Booz, A. J., Allen B. C. and Hamilton, P. J. （1982）, “New Products Management for the 1980s,” New York.
18. Bourantas, D. （1989）, “Avoiding Dependence on Suppliers and Distributors,” Long Range Planning, Vol. 22, pp.140-149.
19. Brouthers, K. D., Brouthers, L. E., and Wilkinson, T. J. （1995）, “Strategic Alliance: Choose Your Partners,” Long Range Planning, Vol. 28, pp.18-25.
20. Brown, R., （1992）“Managing the S Curves of Innovation”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.9, No.1, pp.61-72.
21. Bucklin, Louis P. and Sanjit Sengupta. （1993 April）, “Organizing Successful Co-Marketing Alliances,” Journal of Marketing, 57, pp.32-46.
22. Campbell, A. J. and Cooper, R. G. （1999）, “Do Custoemr Partnerships Improve New Product Success Rates?,” Industrial Marketing Management, Vol.28, pp.507-519
23. Capon, N., and Glazer, R.（1990）, "Marketing and technology: A strategic co alignment,” Journal of Marketing Vol. 51, pp.1-14.
24. Chacke, G. K. （1988）, “Technology Management-Application to Corporate Markets and Military Mission,” NY: Praeger.
25. Chiou, J. S., Lee, M., and Calantone, R. （1996）. “International technology transfer from the peceipient's perspective: The difference between hard technology pursuers and know-how technology pursuers.” Journal of Global Marketing, 9, pp.5-22.
26. Coase, R. H. （1937）, “The Nature of the Firm”, Economics, Vol. 4, pp. 385–405.
27. Collis, D. J. and Montgomery, C. A.（1995）. “Competing on resources: Strategy in the 1990s.” Harvard Business Review, 73, pp.118-128.
28. Collis, D. J. （1991）. “A resources-based analysis of global competition: The case of the bearing industry.” Strategy Management Journal,12, pp. 49-68.
29. Cooper, R. G., and Kleinschmidt, E. J. （1988）, “Resource allocation in the new product process.” Industrial Marketing Management, 17. pp. 102-107.
30. Cooper, R. G., （1984）, “The Strategy-Performance Link in Product Innovation,” RandD Management, 14, pp.247-259.
31. Cooper, R.G. and Kleinschmidt, E. J.（1987）, “Success Factors in Product Innovation”, Research Technology Management, Vol.16, pp.215-223.
32. Copper, R. G., and Kleinschrnidt, E. J. （1988）, “Resource Allocation in the New Product Process,” Industrial Marketing Management, 17, pp. 249-262.
33. Coyne, K. P., （1986） “Sustainable Competitive Advantage: What it is and it isn’t”, Business Horizon, January/February, pp.54-61.
34. Daft, R.L. （1978）, “A dual-core model of Organization Innovation,”Academy of Management Journal, 21, pp.190-201.
35. Dahlman, C. J. （1979）, “The Problem of Externality”, Journal of Law and Economics, 22, pp.141-162.
36. Damanpour, F. and Evan, W. M., （1984）, “Organizational innovation and performance: the problem of organizational lag,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 29, pp.392-409.
37. Day, G.S. （2000）, "Managing Market Relationship", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science Vol.28, pp.24-30.
38. Dixon, N. M. （2000）. Common knowledge: How companies thrive by sharing what they know. Boston: Harvard Business School.
39. Drazin, K. （1988）, “ RandD/Marketing Linkage and Innovation Strategy: Some West German Experience, ” IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management, 35: pp.167-174.
40. Drucker, P. F. （1985）, “Innovation and Entrepreneurship,”Practice and Principles, Heinemann , London.
41. ew C. T., Binks M. R.（1999）, “Impact of Participative Service Relationships on Quality, Satisfaction and Retention: An Exploratory Study,” Journal of Business Research 46, pp.121-132.
42. Feger, H. （1991）, “Cooperation between Groups,” Cooperation and Prosocial Behaviour, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp.281-300.
43. Foxall , G. R. ,and G. E. Greenly （1999）, “Consumers, Emotional Responses to Service Environments”, Journal of Business Research, No.46, pp.149-157.
44. Frankel, E. G., （1990）,“Management of Technological Change,” NY: Kluwer.
45. Gadde, L.E. and Snehota, I. （2000）, “Marking the Most of Supplier Relationships,”Industrial Marketing Management , Vol.29, pp.305-316.
46. Geringer, J. M., （1988）“Selection of Partners for International Joint Ventures,”Business Quarterly, Vol.53, No.2, pp.31-36.
47. Gima, K.A., （1992）, “Inward Technology Licensing as an Alternative to Internal RandD in New Product Development: A Conceptual Framework,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 9, pp.156-167.
48. Grant, R. M. （1991）,“The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implication for Strategy Formulation,” California Management Review, Spring.
49. Grant, R. M. （1996）, “Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: Organizational capability as knowledge integration.” Organization Science, 7（4）, pp. 375-389.
50. Hamel, G. （1994）, “The Concept of Corn Competence”, Competence-Based Competition, pp.11-33.
51. Hamel, G. （2000）, “Leading the Revolution,” Harvard Business School Press, pp.61-113.
52. Henderson, R. and Clark, K. （1990）, “Architectural Innovational: The Reconfiguration Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firm”, Administrative Science Quarterly, March, pp.9-30.
53. Holt, Kunt, （1988）“Product Innovation Management,”London Butterworth.
54. Inkpen, A. C. （1995）. “The management of international joint ventures: An organizational learning perspective.” New York : Routledge
55. Kahn, B. K. and McDonough, E. F. （1997）, “An Empirical Study of the Relationships among Co-location, Integration, and Satisfaction.” Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol.14, pp.161-178.
56. Kanter, R. （1989）, “When Giants Learn to Dance, London: Smion and Schuster Press.”
57. Kelly, J., （1969） “Organization Behavior, Homewood,” Illinois：Richard D. Irwin and the Dorsey Press.
58. Kogut, B. and H. Singh.（1988）, “Entering the United States by Joint Venture : Competitive Rivalry and Industry Structure,” In F. J.
59. Lee, J. N., and Kim, Y. G.,（1999）“Effect of Partnership Quality on IS Outsourcing Success: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Validation,” Journal of Management Information System, Vol.15, No.4, pp.29-61.
60. Leonard-Barton, D. （1992）. “ Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development.” Strategic Management Journal, 13, pp. 111-125.
61. Leonard-Barton, D.（1995）, “Wellsprings of Knowledge:Building and Suataining the Sources of Innovation,”Boston, Masachusetts,Harverd Business School Press.
62. Leong, G. K., Snyder, D. C., and Ward, L. P.（1990）,“Research in the Process and Content of Manufacturing Strategy,” OMEGA, Vol.18, pp.109-122.
63. Li, F. , and J.A.F. Nichols （2000）, “Transaction or Relationship Marketing：Determinants of Strategic Choices”, Journal of Marketing Management, pp.449-464.
64. Mansfield, E. （1975）. “International technology transfer: Forms, resources, requirement and policies.” American Economic Association, 65（2）, pp. 372-376.
65. Marquish, D.G.（1982）, “The Anatomy of Successful Innovation”, Winthrop Publisher, Cambridge.
66. Martin, M. J. C.（1984）, “Managing Technological Innovation and Enterepreneurship, Reston,” Virginia: Reston Publishing Company Inc.
67. Michael A. Hitt、R. Duane Ireland and Robert E. Hoskisson （1999） “Strategic Management Competitiveness and Globalization”.
68. Miller, J. G., Meyer A. D. and Nakane J. （1992）, “Benchmarking Global Manufacturing Understanding International Suppliers, Customers, and Competitors,”Irwin.
69. Mohr, J., and Nevin, J. （1990）. “Communication strategies in marketing channel: A theoretical perspective.” Journal of Marketing, 50, pp.36-51.
70. Mohr, Jakki and Robert Spekman （1994）, “Characteristisc of Partnership Success : Partnership Attributes,Communication Behavior and Conflict Resolution Techniques,” Strategic Management Journal ,Vol.15, No.2 , pp.135-152.
71. Montgomery, C. A. （1996）. “Resource-based and evolutionary theories of the firm: towards a synthesis,2th ed,” USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 6-13.
72. Moser, J.（1992）, “External acquisition of knowledge for innovations: A research agenda,” RandD Management, 22, pp.105-110.
73. Nonaka, I., and Takeuchi, H. （1995）. “The knowledge-creating company. New York: Oxford University Press.”
74. Pennings, J. M., and Harianto, F. （1992）,“The Diffusion of Technological Innovation in the Commercial Banking Industry,” Strategic Management Journal, pp.29-46.
75. Penrose, E. T. （1959）, “The Theory of the Growth of the Firm,” in Foss, N. J. （Eds.）, Resources Firms and Strategic, pp.27-39.
76. Pfeff, J. and Salancik, G. R., （1978） “The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective”, New York: Harper and Row.
77. Porter， M. E. （1990）,“The Competitive Advantage of Nations,” New York, Free Press, Macmillan.
78. Preffer, J. and P. Nowak （1976）, “Joint ventures and interorganizational interdependence,”Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 21, pp. 398-418.
79. Richardson, P.K. Taylor, A.J. and Gordon, J.R.M. （1985）,“A Strategic Approach to Evaluating Manufacturing Performance,”Interface, Vol.15, pp.15-27.
80. Ring, P. S. and Van de Ven, A. H. （1994） , “Developmental Process of Cooperative Interorganizational Relationships,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.19, pp.90-118
81. Ritter, Thomas and Walter, Achim （2003）, “Relationship-Specific Antecedents of Customer Involvement in New Product Development”, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 26, pp.482-501
82. Robert. E. et al. （1999）. “Theory and Research in Strategic Management: Swings of A Pendulum.” Journal of Management, 25（3）., pp. 417-456.
83. Ruekert, R. W., and Walker, O. C. （1987）. Marketing’s interaction with other functional units: A conceptual framework and empirical evidence. Journal of Marketing, 51, pp.1-19.
84. Schumann, Paul, Donna Prestwood, Alvin Tong and John Vanston, （1994）“Innovate: Straight Path to Quality, Customer Delight, and Competitive Advantage”, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
85. Scott, W. and Mitchell, T. （1976）, “Organization Theory: A Structural and Behavioral Analysis,” p.193.
86. Sherman, D. J.; Souder, W. E. and Jenssen, S. A. （2000）, “Differential Effects of the Primary Forms of Cross Functional Integration on Product Development Cycle Time”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol.17, pp.257-267.
87. Simpson, J. T., and Mayo, D. T. （1997）. “Relationship management: A call for fewer influence attempts?” Journal of Business Research, 209-218.
88. Sivadas, Eugene and Dwyer, F. Robert （2000）, “An Examination of Organizational Factors Influencing New Product Success in Internal and Alliance-Based Process”, Journal of Marketing, Vol.64, pp.31-49.
89. Souder, W. E. （1987）, ”Managing Relations Between RandD and Marketing in New Product Development Projects,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 5, pp. 6-19.
90. Souder, W.E. and Song, X.M., （1998）“Analyses of U.S. and Japanese Management Processes Associated with New Product Success and Failure in High and Low Familiarity Markets”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol.15, pp.208-223.
91. Technology Atlas Team. （1987）. “Components of technology for resources transformation.” Technological Forecasting and Social Chang, 32（1）, pp. 19-35.
92. Teece, D. J. （1977）.“Technology transfer by the multinational firms: The resource cost of transferring technological know-how.” The Economic Journal, 87, pp.242-261.
93. Teece, D.J. （1986）. “Profiting from Technology Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy.” Research Policy, 15, pp.285-306.
94. Tidd, J., J. Bessant, and K. Pavitt. （2001）. Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change. New York：John Wiley & Sons.
95. Tilson, B. （2001）, “Success and Sustainability in Automotive Supply Chain Improvement Rogrammes: a case study of collaboration in the mayflower cluster”, International Journal of Innovation Management, 5, pp.427–456.
96. Tushman, Michael and Nadler, David （1986）, “Organizing for Innovation”, California Management Review, 28, pp.74-93.
97. Urabe, K.（1988）, “Innovation and Management : International Comparisons, New York,” Waletr de Gruyter and Co..
98. Verona, G. （1999）. “ A resource-based view of product development. Academy of Management Review, ”, 24, pp. 132-142.
99. Vonderembse, M.A. and Tracey, M. （1999）,“The Impact of supplier Selection Criteria and Supplier Involvement on Manufacturing Performance,”The Journal of Supply Chain Management, summer.
100. Walker, O.C. and Ruekert, R.W., （1987）“Marketing’s Role in the Implementation of Business Strategies: A Critical Review and Conceptual Framework,”Journal of Marketing, Vol.51, pp.15-33.
101. Wernerfelt, B. （1984）, “A Resource-Based Theory of The Firm ”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.5, pp. 171-180.
102. Wheelwright, Steven, C. （1978）, “Reflecting Corporate Strategy in Manufacturing Decision,”Business Harisons, Feb. pp.57-66.
103. Williamson, （1985）, “The Economic Institutions of Capitalism.” The Free Press, New Youk.
104. Williamson, O. E.（1981）, “The Economics of Organization : The Transaction Cost Approach,” American Journal of Sociology, 87, pp.548-577.
105. Williamson, O. E., （1975）, “Market and Hierarchies：Analysis and,Antitrust Implications”, New York：Free Press.
106. Zahra, S. A., Neubaum, D. O., and Huse, M., （2000） “Entrepreneurship in Medium-size Companies: Exploring the Effects of Ownership and Governance Systems,” Journal of Management, 26, PP.947-976.
107. Zuckerman, H.S. and T.A. D'Aunno. （1990）, “Hospital Alliances: Cooperative Strategy in a Competitive Environment,” Health Care Management Review, 15, pp.21-30