海洋中80％的垃圾來自陸地，通過污水或排水系統、天然水道、被風吹入或人為丟入海中所致，其餘之主要垃圾來源為船舶，因此IMO制定《防止船舶造成污染的國際公約》（International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, MARPOL）主要目的為防止船舶因操作或意外原因對海洋環境造成污染的國際公約，附件五「防止船舶垃圾污染」則提供控制船舶垃圾之處理框架，但僅400噸以上船舶需遵守MARPOL附件五規定， 400噸以下船舶之垃圾管理則形成缺口。以臺灣漁船為例，2018年統計21,908艘漁船筏僅400艘左右大於400噸，多數漁船未受監管。
臺灣以「海洋廢棄物治理行動方案」作為海洋廢棄物處理政策之最高指導方針，提出四大面向以有效控制海洋廢棄物，其中「預防與移除」之環保艦隊計畫自2017年開始實行，為臺灣海洋廢棄物減少政策之長期計劃，因此本研究擇定臺南市作為研究區域，以半結構訪談方式及問卷調查，蒐集臺南市環保艦隊計畫執行機關、漁會及漁民對於海洋環境維護計畫之參與看法，深入分析各權益關係人對於海洋環境維護計畫之意見及比較漁民參與海洋環境維護計畫之影響因素，提出後續計畫推動效能改善之建議。經調查臺南市漁民知道環保艦隊(42.1%)、廢棄物獎勵回收(24.6%)、海廢暫置區(28.5%)等計畫之比例過低，更不熟悉計畫目的、執行方式及參與計畫，然而漁民環保意識已提升，倘海洋環境維護計畫之措施配合漁民作業時間及地點設置垃圾桶，可提升漁民配合計畫之意願。此外，除臺南市政府配合中央政策宣導海洋環境維護計畫外，漁會為與漁民關係最密切之組織，因此漁會應更加掌握計畫內容、施行方式等細節，以利轉知漁民。

Marine litter is a ubiquitous or omnipresent, incessant, and swelling threat to the oceans, and numerous initiatives aim to address such predicament. Rooting in the fact that garbage causes environmental pollution, aligning with other countries in solving marine debris becomes inevitable to Taiwan authority. Environmental Protection Fleet (EPF) Program is a voluntary clean-up scheme, which ocean litter is collected as part of routine fishing operations.
Two corresponding programs, Waste Recycling Award and Marine Litter Disposal Area, are both discussed in this research. Methodology includes conducting interviews with 3 organizers, 2 co-organizers of EPF program and 7 fishers in Tainan and surveys between fishers (n=228) for their perceptions of EPF program, which indicated the overall satisfaction toward EPF program was very positive (4.11/5).
Moreover, EPF program fishers reported less environmentally harmful waste management behaviors on the sea than non- EPF fishers did. This research found that most fishers are environmentally conscious and willing to help collecting garbage during their operation, and what they concerned is the convenience for disposing collected garbage instead of an award or a honorable prize. Although Waste Recycling Award and Marine Litter Disposal Area programs were evaluated positively (3.99 and 4.06 /5), however, garbage should be separated into generals or recyclables, and it took too much time for fishers participating Waste Recycling Award program, and Marine Litter Disposal Area was far away from the pier, resulting in low participation in both programmes. With fishers' precious opinions and feedbacks to the programs, we made suggestions for future changes.

中文文獻
1. 王莉娜(2017)，「新竹市『環保艦隊』浩蕩首航打撈海漂垃圾」，中華社區報刊聯合新聞網：http://soyang.tw/~cpfc/index.php/hsinchu/11618-2017-07-22-15-16-50
2. 王駿杰(2020)，「竹市『環保艦隊』年清3千公斤海洋廢棄物，獲大獎肯定」，聯合新聞網：https://udn.com/news/story/7324/4620950
3. 行政院農業委員會漁業署(2012),2012臺灣地區漁港基本資料﹝上﹞
4. 沈東玫(2012)，量化研究，國家教育研究院：http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1678721/
5. 林生傳(2003)，教育研究法-全方位的統整與分析，新北：心理。
6. 林吉洋(2019)，「破除漁港髒亂形象，烏石港、南方澳、梧棲港改善環境，榮獲首屆漁港環境評鑑獎」，MSN新聞：https://www.msn.com/zh-tw/news/national/%E7%A0%B4%E9%99%A4%E6%BC%81%E6%B8%AF%E9%AB%92%E4%BA%82%E5%BD%A2%E8%B1%A1%EF%BC%8C%E7%83%8F%E7%9F%B3%E6%B8%AF%E3%80%81%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E6%BE%B3%E3%80%81%E6%A2%A7%E6%A3%B2%E6%B8%AF%E6%94%B9%E5%96%84%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%EF%BC%8C%E6%A6%AE%E7%8D%B2%E9%A6%96%E5%B1%86%E6%BC%81%E6%B8%AF%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%A9%95%E9%91%91%E7%8D%8E/ar-BBY4uEG
7. 林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花(2005)，質性研究方法：訪談模式與實施步驟分析，身心障礙研究，3(2)，122-136。
8. 林欣漢(2019)，「打擊海廢污染，基隆海洋廢棄物暫置區啟用」，自由時報：https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/2814250
9. 居芮筠(2019),「耗時一年海廢快篩調查，揭露臺灣海岸汙染真相」，國家地理：https://www.natgeomedia.com/environment/article/content-8745.html
10. 邱亨嘉、陳怡君、毛莉雯、蕭世槐、劉宏文、黃明賢(1997)，中文版多元功能評估問卷之信度效度考驗，中華公共衛生雜誌，16(2)，119-132。
11. 邱政浩(2010)，量化研究與統計分析：SPSS(PASW)資料分析範例解析，臺北：五南。
12. 胡介申、顏寧(2019)，海岸廢棄物快篩調查指引： https://www.sow.org.tw/blog/116/20190830/6920
13. 胡幼慧(1996)，質性研究：理論、方法及本土女性研究實例，台北：巨流，47-73、141-157。
14. 海洋委員會主管法規查詢系統(2020)：http://law.oac.gov.tw/index.aspx
15. 海洋保育署網頁：https://www.oca.gov.tw/ch/index.jsp
16. 海洋保育署(2020)，海洋廢棄物治理平台：
https://www.oca.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=129&parentpath=0,4,127
17. 海洋保育署(2020)，「海委會海保署強力招募環保艦隊入列成為海洋守護員」：https://www.oca.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=14&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=202001140001
18. 海洋保育署(2019)，重大海洋油污染緊急應變計畫： https://www.oca.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=121&parentpath=0,4,119
19. 張卉君(2019)，黑潮二十‧島航計畫：臺灣沿海海水表層塑膠微粒初步調查報告：https://www.kuroshio.org.tw/newsite/article02.php?info_id=589
20. 黃怡菁、郭俊麟(2019)，「基隆漁民組環保艦隊協助打撈海廢」，公視新聞網：https://news.pts.org.tw/article/433913
21. 陳璋玲(2015)，海洋悲歌：談海洋垃圾問題及其管理規範，海巡雙月刊，VOL.74，54-66
22. 新竹市環境保護局(2019)，「4月9日『海洋回收站』啟動，資源回收兌好禮守護海洋環境」：https://www.hccepb.gov.tw/news-detail.php?Nid=2447
23. 彰化縣環境保護局(2020)，「守護海洋環境，徵求海上尖兵加入彰化環保艦隊」：https://www.chepb.gov.tw/n15441238682386747288/ArticleContent
24. 漁郎(2019)，臺灣海洋之美麗與哀愁-海洋垃圾篇，漁友，NO.502，40-43
25. 綠色和平(2018)，「繼氣候災難之後的海洋塑膠危機」： https://www.greenpeace.org/taiwan/update/4810/%E7%B9%BC%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E7%81%BD%E9%9B%A3%E4%B9%8B%E5%BE%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%A1%91%E8%86%A0%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F/
26. 綠色和平(2018)，「海洋廢棄物大會，帶起全球減塑行動」： https://www.greenpeace.org/taiwan/update/5555/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%EF%BC%8C%E5%B8%B6%E8%B5%B7%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%B8%9B%E5%A1%91%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%EF%BC%81/
27. 臺南市政府(2020)，「台南響應世界海洋日組成環保艦隊，黃偉哲授旗號召守護海洋」：https://www.tainan.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=13370&s=7680720
28. 臺南市政府(2020)，「本市漁港環保艦隊獎勵回收兌換活動開始了」：https://www.tainan.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=13371&s=7678026
29. 蔡進男、戴之聖(2017)，「【救海洋】漁民自發性保護環境，全國首創「基隆環保艦隊」，蘋果即時：https://tw.appledaily.com/new/realtime/20171124/1246551/
30. 環境資訊中心(2006)，「因應倫敦公約，環保署修訂海拋廢棄物分類規定」：https://e-info.org.tw/node/16001
英文文獻
1. BIM, A BIM Sustainability Initiative: FISHING FOR LITTER website: http://www.bim.ie/fishing-for-litter/
2. Chung-Ling Chen (2015), Regulation and Management of Marine Litter, Marine Anthropogenic Litter, pp.395-428
3. Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, IMO, website: http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/LCLP/Pages/default.aspx
4. Davide Mazzocco (2018), In Tuscany the first experience of "fishing for litter", fishermen will be able to collect plastics at sea, SERR, website: https://www.menorifiuti.org/2018/03/06/in-toscana-la-prima-esperienza-di-fishing-for-litter-i-pescatori-potranno-raccogliere-le-plastiche-in-mare/
5. FAO, 2018, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals, Rome, Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
6. Fishing For Litter Scotland, website: http://www.fishingforlitter.org.uk/project-areas/scotland
7. Fishing For Litter Scotland Final Report 2014 – 2017, KIMO, website:
http://www.fishingforlitter.org.uk/project-areas/south-west
8. Fishing For Litter South West, website:
http://www.fishingforlitter.org.uk/project-areas/south-west
9. Fishing for Litter Netherlands, KIMO International, website: https://fishingforlitter.org/netherlands/
10. Fishing for litter, NABU, website: https://www.nabu.de/natur-und-landschaft/aktionen-und-projekte/meere-ohne-plastik/fishing-for-litter/
11. Fishing for Litter in Germany, MARLISCO, website:
http://www.marlisco.eu/fishing-for-litter-in-germany.en.html
12. Fishery for a Clean Sea Green Deal, Noordzeeloket, website:
https://www.noordzeeloket.nl/en/functions-and-use/@166902/fishery-clean-sea/
13. Fishing for Energy, website: https://www.nfwf.org/programs/fishing-energy
14. Hong, Sunwook. (ed.) (2017), Marine Litter News, Asia Pacific Civil Forum on Marine Litter, Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp 38, Tongyeong, South Korea.
15. Jenna, R.j., Roland, G., Chris, w., Theodore, R. s., Miriam, P., Anthony, A., Ramani, N., Kara, L. L.(2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science. Vol.347(6223). 768-771
16. Jung, R.T., Sung, H.G., Chun T.B. & Keel, S.I. (2010). Practical engineering approaches and infrastructure to address the problem of marine debris in Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.60, pp.1523-1532
17. Kayleigh J. Wyles, Sabine Pahl, Lauren Carroll, Richard C. Thompson(2019), An evaluation of the Fishing For Litter (FFL) scheme in the UK in terms of attitudes, behavior, barriers and opportunities, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 144 , pp. 48–60
18. KIMO (2010), Economic Impacts of Marine Litter
19. KIMO, website: https://www.kimointernational.org/
20. Lin B, Lin CY, J TC. (2007), Investigation to strategies to improve the recycling effectiveness of waste oil from fishing vessels, Marine Policy, vol. 31: pp.415-420.
21. London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, WIKIPEDIA, website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Convention_on_the_Prevention_of_Marine_Pollution_by_Dumping_of_Wastes_and_Other_Matter
22. Melanie Bergmann, Lars Gutow, Michael Klages (2015), Marine Anthropogenic Litter, SpringerLink.com.
23. Ministry of the Environment Japan (2019) ,G20 Report on Actions against Marine Plastic Litter
24. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (2019),“MARINE Initiative” toward
Realization of the Osaka Blue Ocean Vision, website:
https://www.mofa.go.jp/ic/ge/page25e_000317.html
25. Morishige, C. (ed.) (2010), Marine Debris Prevention Projects and Activities in the Republic of Korea and United States: A compilation of project summary reports, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS-OR&R-36
26. Motoko Rich (2019), Cleansing Plastic From Oceans: Big Ask for a Country That Loves Wrap, The New York Times, website: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/27/world/asia/japan-g20-plastics-pollution.html
27. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2010), Marine Debris Prevention Projects and Activities in the Republic of Korea and United States A compilation of project summary report
28. NOAA (2019), 2018 Hawai‘i Marine Debris Action Plan
29. NOWPAP MERRAC (2015), Best Practices in dealing with Marine Litter in Fisheries, Aquaculture and Shipping sectors in the NOWPAP region
30. Oihane C. Basurko, Gork Gabiña, Marga Andrés, Anna Rubio, Ainhize Uriarte, Iñigo Krug (2015), Fishing for floating marine litter in SE Bay of Biscay: Reviewand feasibility study, Marine Policy, Vol.61, pp.103-112
31. OSPAR Commission, OSPAR, website: https://www.ospar.org/
32. OSPAR Commission (2014), Marine Litter Regional Action Plan
33. OSPAR Commission (2007), Background Report on Fishing-for litter Activities in the OSPAR Region
34. Pictures of England, website: https://www.picturesofengland.com/mapofengland/south-west-map.html
35. UN Environment (2017). Marine Litter Socio Economic Study, United Nations Environment Programme
36. Sixth International Marine Debris Conference Final Conference Program Book (2018), pp. 6
37. UNEP/NOAA. (2011), The Honolulu Strategy: A global framework for prevention and management of marine debris
38. Veiga, J.M., Fleet, D., Kinsey, S., Nilsson, P., Vlachogianni, T., Werner, S., Galgani, F., Thompson, R.C., Dagevos, J., Gago, J., Sobral, P. and Cronin, R.(2016), Identifying Sources of Marine Litter. MSFD GES TG Marine Litter Thematic Report; JRC Technical Report; EUR 28309; doi:10.2788/018068
39. VELT (2004), Sustainable Fisheries Development Foundation has started, website: https://www.vilt.be/Stichting_Duurzame_Visserijontwikkeling_van_start