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研究生：	吳燈進 Wu, Deng-Jing
論文名稱：	NCKU RISC32 指令集編碼與編譯器移植 NCKU RISC32 Instruction Set Encoding and Compiler Porting
指導教授：	陳中和 Chen, Chung-Ho
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	90
中文關鍵詞：	可重定目標、編譯器、特殊應用指令處理器、指令集
外文關鍵詞：	retargetable, compiler, ISA, ASIP
相關次數：	點閱：146 下載：7
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現今資訊產品已融入我們的生活之中，其應用的領域也十分多樣化。這些資訊產品為了處理大量的媒體資訊，製造商通常會利用嵌入式處理器來負責所需的運算。這些處理器，在面對不同的資訊產品應用時，若可提供所屬的特定指令，將可大幅地提升資訊產品的效能。有鑑於此，本文改良NCKU RISC32[1]處理器之指令編碼及預留特定應用指令加入的編碼空間，並規劃硬體及軟體開發工具修改的步驟，以逐步達成此目標。初步地，我們在NCKU RISC32處理器上移植LCC編譯器，其可對符合ANSI C規範的C程式碼進行編譯。所輸出的組合語言除了利用GNU Debugger驗證指令順序與功能正確外，並透過GNU Binutils實際的進行組譯與連結以產生可執行檔。這些執行檔在作業環境為Linux kernel 2.4.18 +RISC32 FPGA硬體平台上，可成功順利地執行。未來我們將持續進行組譯器、硬體解碼器及相關二元檔案工具的修改。另外，我們也規劃提供EDA工具，讓新指令加入時，自動地完成軟/硬體修改，縮短設計時程，使NCKU RISC32成為可應用於多種領域的處理器。

Many information appliance (IA) products have come into our lives in a variety of fields. In order to process a large amount of multimedia information, these IA product manufactures usually use an embedded processor to handle the necessary operations. With specified instructions in the embedded processor, these IA products will increase the efficiency substantially. In view of this, the instruction encoding format is ameliorated to provide the encoding space of the new specified instructions for NCKU RISC32 [1]. We also plan the revising steps for the hardware and software tools to achieve this goal. Currently, we have successfully ported the LCC compiler on the NCKU RISC32 and use it to compile the ANSI C compatible codes. Besides using the GNU Debugger to validate the sequence and function of the generated assembly codes, we also use the GNU Binutils to assemble and link these codes to generate the execution files, which can run on the Linux kernel 2.4.18+RISC32 FPGA platform successfully. Besides, we suggest the required EDA tools, which can modify the HW/SW automatically for the new instructions, to shorten the design cycle time for an application specific instruction processor.

Chapter 1簡介	1
1動機	1
2研究貢獻	1
3內容編排	2
Chapter 2背景知識	3
1 背景	3
1.1 ARMv4指令集	3
1.2 ARMv4指令集編碼格式	6
2指令功能的使用狀況分析與編碼策略	11
2.1指令功能的使用狀況分析	12
2.2 NCKU RISC32指令編碼策略	14
3指令編碼對軟硬體的影響	19
4編譯器簡介	21
4.1傳統編譯器處理階段	21
4.1.1 Compiler Front End	22
4.1.2 Compiler Back End	25
4.2可重定目標的編譯器	25
4.3 GCC	27
4.4 LCC	30
4.4.1 LCC 簡介	30
4.4.2 Machine description	31
4.4.3 Specifications	32
4.4.4介面結構	34
4.4.5 Node Operator	36
4.4.6 Intermediate Representation	38
4.4.7 Instruction Emitting	40
4.5編組譯工具	42
Chapter 3編譯器移植之實作	43
1簡介	43
2編譯器移植前的基本要件	43
2.1暫存器命名	44
2.2 Stack Frame Layout	45
2.3 Calling convention	47
3 LCC 硬體描述檔	47
3.1 變數與函數原型宣告	48
3.2 Terminal Definitions	49
3.3 Rule Pattern of Node Operators	50
3.3.1 LOAD	53
3.3.2 Constants	54
3.3.3 Addressing Mode	55
3.3.4 Assignment	57
3.3.5 Arguments	58
3.3.6 Function Call	58
3.3.7 Type Conversion	60
3.3.8 Arithmetic	60
3.3.9 Branch	65
3.4介面參數設定	66
3.5介面函數實作	67
3.6總結	74
Chapter 4驗證	75
1驗證環境簡介	75
2驗證程式碼	79
2.1 Level I 驗證程式碼	79
2.2 Level II 驗證程式碼	81
3驗證結果	83
Chapter 5結論與未來發展	84
1結論	84
2未來發展	85
參考文獻	 87
Appendix - NCKU RISC32 Backend I	89
Appendix - NCKU RISC32 Backend II	90

                                    

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2008-02-05公開

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