台灣因為位於板塊交會處，致使其擁有多變豐富的地形面貌，高聳巍峨的山巒一座座的佇立在這座年輕的島嶼上，山林與島嶼上的人們有著密不可分的關係，從平原至高山這似近似遠的距離，讓我們終有機會和山林裡的萬物細細交流。近年山林生態保育的倡導，使得大眾對於保育意識有了一定的認知，保育相關的設計宣導品更是層出不窮，設計儼然成了一種為保育發聲的媒介，為此本研究將透過分析敘事理論並應用於圖像創作中來探討生態保育知識在視覺呈現的更多可能性。

本研究以設計創作為主，透過文獻探討了解敘事理論的脈絡，釐清運用於理論中的敘事結構，以及符號學原理，並分析現有的生態保育創作來了解視覺元素的呈現方式與表現風格。

圖像創作概念將以敘事理論為主要架構，運用個人在山林的生態觀察及文獻探討後得到的內容做視覺符號的轉換分析，將欲創作之物種的生態知識內容如：棲地環境、食物關係、生活習性等納入圖像創作中，透過敘事性理論在創作中可以運用的結構性與故事框架所帶來的幫助使創作內容更具知識性與傳達性。

Located at the junction of plates, Taiwan is rich in varied topography. Towering and majestic mountains stand on this young island one after another, people living on the island have an inseparable relationship with the mountains and forests. The distance from the plains to the high altitude mountains in Taiwan is neither far nor close, thus giving us the opportunity to get in touch and communicate with all creatures inhabiting the mountain forests. In recent years, the advocacy of mountain forests ecological conservation has made the public gain a greater awareness of conservation, so many styles of design related to conservation are applied as promotional materials to convey the issues. From this perspective, design seems to have become a medium to speak out for conservation. Therefore, this research will explore more possibilities of visual presentation in conveying ecological conservation knowledge through the analysis of narrative theory, then applying the results analyzed to the visual creation process.

This research is based on design creation. Through literature review, the context structure of the narrative theory and semiotic principles will be discussed then applied to analyze the current ecological conservation design, so as to understand the presentation skill and expression style of the visual elements on the materials.

The narrative theory serves as the fundamental framework guiding the creative practice in this research. Notes and texts obtained from naturalistic observations and literature review are transformed into visual symbols, effectively conveying information and meaning. Through the integration of selected species conservation knowledge, such as habitats, diets, and behaviors, the images created will not only be aesthetically pleasing but also highly informative and expressive based on the structure provided by the narrative theory.

Brooks, P. (1992). Reading for the plot: Design and intention in narrative. Harvard University Press.

Barthes, R., & Duisit, L. (1975). An introduction to the structural analysis of narrative. New Literary History, 6(2), 237. https://doi.org/10.2307/468419

Barthes, R., & Balzac, H. D. (1970). S/Z. Seuil.

Barthes, R. (1993). Mythologies. Random House.

Chatman, S. B. (1980). Story and discourse: Narrative structure in fiction and film. Cornell University Press.

Chandler, D. (2004). Semiotics: The basics. Psychology Press.

Cham, K. (2011, November). The Architecture of the Image [Conference session]. Kingston University, London. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Saussurean-Sign_fig1_262254969

Czarniawska, B. (2004). Narratives in social science research. SAGE.

Cheng, H. C., Changchien, L. W., Lin, R. S., Yang, C. H. & Chang, S. W. (2017).The Red List of Terrestrial Mammals of Taiwan, COA, EY, R.O.C(Taiwan), Forestry Bureau, COA, EY, R.O.C(Taiwan), Page 21

Chu, Y. (2018). Analysis of the application of illustration art in graphic design. Proceedings of the 2018 3rd International Conference on Politics, Economics and Law (ICPEL 2018). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2991/icpel-18.2018.126

Crowe, S., Cresswell, K., Robertson, A., Huby, G., Avery, A., & Sheikh, A. (2011). The case study approach. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3141799/pdf/1471-2288-11-100.pdf

Díaz, S., Hector, A., & Wardle, D. A. (2009). Biodiversity in forest carbon sequestration initiatives: Not just a side benefit. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 1(1), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2009.08.001

Felluga, Dino. (2011). Introduction to Roland Barthes, module on the five codes. College of Liberal Arts - Purdue University. Retrieved from https://cla.purdue.edu/academic/english/theory/narratology/modules/barthescodes.html

Grimaldi, S., Fokkinga, S., & Ocnarescu, I. (2013). Narratives in design. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Designing Pleasurable Products and Interfaces - DPPI '13. https://doi.org/10.1145/2513506.2513528

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, & Commission, I. S. (2001). IUCN red list categories and criteria. IUCN.

Lin, R., Cheng, R., & Sun, M. (2007). Digital archive database for cultural product design. Usability and Internationalization. HCI and Culture, 154-163. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73287-7_20

Lin, R. S., Lu, Y. J, Tseng, T. J., Yang, C. H. and Chen, W. J. (2016).The Red List of Birds of Taiwan. Endemic Species Research Institute, COA, EY, R.O.C(Taiwan), Forestry Bureau, COA, EY, R.O.C(Taiwan)

Ming-Shu Yuan. (2019). The Preliminary Study on Conceptual Framework of Data Narrative Analysis

Media-studies. (2022, November 4). Roland Barthes. Media Studies. Retrieved from https://media-studies.com/barthes/

Masson, S. (2017). Imagination’s afterlife: Influences on and transformations of literary creative process within a creative practice PhD. New Writing, 15(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790726.2017.1334803

Nöth, W., & Jungk, I. (2015). Peircean visual semiotics: Potentials to be explored. Semiotica, 2015(207), 657-673. https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2015-0058

Rand, P. (2014). Thoughts on design. Chronicle Books.

Rouse, R., Koenitz, H., & Haahr, M. (2018). Interactive storytelling: 11th International Conference on interactive digital storytelling, ICIDS 2018, Dublin, Ireland, December 5–8, 2018, proceedings. Springer.

Saussure, F. D. (1986). Course in general linguistics. Open Court Publishing.

Slavka Tomascikova. (2009). Narrative theories and narrative discourse. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov 2(51)

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Skains, R. L. (2018). Creative practice as research: Discourse on methodology. Media Practice and Education, 19(1), 82-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/14682753.2017.1362175

Taiwan Today. (1967). Forest Kingdom. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). Retrieved from https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=8,8,29,32,32,45&post=13836

Tully, R. (2012). Narrative Imagination: a Design Imperative. Irish Journal of Academic Practice, 1(1), Art. 8. https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=ijap

Teegavarapu, S., Summers, J. D., & Mocko, G. M. (2008). Case study method for design research: A justification. Volume 4: 20th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology; Second International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems. https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49980

Wright, J. (2018). Application of Narrative Principles to Effectively Communicate Through Graphic Design [Master's thesis]. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1496&context=masters

Wen-Loung L. (2004). Relationship between Hunting Behavior and Prey Abundance of Brown Hawk Owl (Ninox scutulata). 台灣猛禽研究, 2, 1-10. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.30121/RRT.200405.0001

Wen-Loung, L., Yin, W., & Hui-Yun, T. (2007). The Diet of Tawny Owls (Strix aluco) Analyzed by Their Pellets on Roadsides in Mountain Areas of the Central Taiwan (特有生物研究 9(1)：13-21). Minshiang Environment and Ecology Research Company, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei City Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan. Retrieved from file:///Users/Binoe/Downloads/2019-09-24_0923009754%20(1).pdf

Yang, C., & Hsu, T. (2017). New perspective on visual communication design education: An empirical study of applying narrative theory to graphic design courses. International Journal of Higher Education, 6(2), 188. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v6n2p188

邱順應.(2009). 標語的訴求策略與敘事結構:從預設框架到序列結構到語言風格. 智勝文化

劉豐榮.(2006). 視覺符號探討方法之理論分析：由圖像誌到符號學與Lancan的符號學之創新. 視覺藝術論壇.200607 (1期). 國立嘉義大學視覺藝術學系暨研究所

楊正雄.曾子榮. (2017). 認識受脅物種紅皮書名錄. 科學月刊 Science Monthly, 577. Retrieved from http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2017/12/blog-post_91.html

印莉敏. (2018). 守株待鼠- 灰林鴞觀察日記 (ISBN：9789860573824). 玉山國家公園管理處

行政院農業委員會林務局. (2019). Made In Forest 山林製造: 來自山村八款剛剛好就好的森活態度. 天下雜誌出版.

謝宜樺. (2021). 兩種共域夜行性鳥類的鳴聲棲位區隔 [Master's thesis]. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/63tw95

彭永松. (2022). 十六歲的荒野課：在自然裡養成一顆溫柔的心. 蔚藍文化出版股份有限公司.

Website References:

Bhandari, P. (2022, December 2). Naturalistic observation | Definition, guide & examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/naturalistic-observation/

Chung, D., Tian, A., Janicki, J., & Chou, J. (2022.). Taiwan's three-thousander mountain peaks. Taiwan Data Stories. https://taiwandatastories.com/taiwan-3000-meter-mountains/

C. Textor. (2022, September 22). Taiwan: Forest land area 2021. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/924685/taiwan-forest-land-area/

Dave, W. (2011, June 5). Character and plot - One and the same thing..? The Science of Story. https://thescienceofstory.blogspot.com/2011/06/character-and-plot-one-and-same-thing.html

George, T. (2022, October 10). Types of interviews in research | Guide & examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/interviews-research/

Gao P. (2012, December 1). Light in the Dark. Taiwan Today. https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=14&post=23951

Jones, S. (2023, March 8). Balancing plot, theme and character. National Centre for Writing. https://nationalcentreforwriting.org.uk/article/balancing-plot-theme-and-character/

MasterClass. (2022, June 15). Plot vs. story: What’s the difference between plot and story? https://www.masterclass.com/articles/plot-vs-story

Shan, S. (2019, June 4). TRA launches second Satoyama train. Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2019/06/04/2003716294

Pockeat小吃袋-台灣猛禽研究會-大冠鷲. (2023, August 13). 好日子 | agooday. https://agooday.com/shop/snack-bag-cheela

Taiwan Panorama. (2020, May 18). 森林裡的測量課 那些關於森林的數字們. New Southbound Policy Portal - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). https://nspp.mofa.gov.tw/nspp/news.php?post=176892&unit=406&unitname=%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C%E5%A0%B1%E5%B0%8E&postname=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%A3%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F%E8%AA%B2-%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9B%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97%E5%80%91

Taiwan: Forest land area 2021. (2022, September 22). Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/924685/taiwan-forest-land-area/

The IUCN red list of threatened species. (2022.). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/about/regional

What is visual storytelling? (2022, June 29). Visual Storytelling Institute. https://www.visualstorytell.com/blog/what-is-visual-storytelling

設計作為一種手段 林務局月曆搶搶滾紅遍國內外. (2019, July 27). 中央社 CNA. https://www.cna.com.tw/culture/article/20190727w002

林務局. (2019, January 9). 陸域保育類野生動物名錄. 自然保育網.https://conservation.forest.gov.tw/0002021

林務局. (2016, March 16). 生物多樣性. 自然保育網. https://conservation.forest.gov.tw/biodiversity

林務局. (2016, March 16). 珍貴稀有植物. 自然保育網. https://conservation.forest.gov.tw/0000037

林務局-森活情報站. (n.d.). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/twforest

解析公部門美學！種籽設計、林務局用插畫繪出台灣大自然之美. (2020, July 24). La Vie | 設計美學、生活藝術、創意風格. https://www.wowlavie.com/article/ae2001040

歷時兩年調查 台灣五大類群脊椎動物《紅皮書》出爐 15物種列極危. (2017). 環境資訊中心. https://e-info.org.tw/node/206686

【台灣紅皮書】即將消失的飛行哺乳類——台灣狐蝠. (2018). 環境資訊中心. https://e-info.org.tw/node/209717

臺灣保育物種列表 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書. (2004, November 5).https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8

林業及自然保育署. (n.d.). https://www.forest.gov.tw/. https://www.facebook.com/FANCA.Taiwan/?locale=zh_TW

種籽設計seedesign. (n.d.). Facebook. https://zh-tw.facebook.com/seeddesign/

國內野生動物保育名錄. (n.d.). 玉山國家公園. https://www.ysnp.gov.tw/StaticPage/Directory

孫元勳. (2011, November 5). 有勝溪久違的老友－黃魚鴞. 雪霸國家公園全球資訊網. https://www.spnp.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=14500&s=239303

曾翌碩. (2010, September 7). 原始森林裡的大塊頭：褐林鴞. 環境資訊中心.https://e-info.org.tw/node/59002

曾翌碩. (2010, August 24). 高山上的貓頭鷹：灰林鴞. 環境資訊中心. https://e-info.org.tw/node/58603

曾翌碩. (2010, August 31). 山林小辣椒：鵂鶹. 環境資訊中心. https://e-info.org.tw/node/58788