極端坡地災害對於台灣影響日益嚴重，因此為了消除、降低生命財產損失，透過災害風險管理的掌握是政府、學界重視之課題。本研究將探究災害風險管理中應變之面相，透過基礎科學的展演，以研究大規模崩塌的發生機制，提供建置預警系統的學理依據。以降雨引致大規模崩塌為主，自案例收集與文獻回顧，了解邊坡內部滲流是劣化土壤強度的水力條件之一。由多相流理論建立，描述孔隙介質當中流體質量、動量的傳輸現象，解析固相結構經流體通過後產生之現象。惟需要透過設計情境以施作鉛直滲流實驗，以提供數據資料，修正多相流理論未完備之處，且觀察入滲過程所產生的現象。

實驗成果呈現飽和與非飽和入滲，皆可發現滲流水錘的作用，差異在於強度大小和作用時間長短。藉由多相流理論解析，可發現此現象將影響孔隙水壓力的成長模式，因此土壤有效應力將產生變化，係利用安全係數的概念，了解超額驅動力作用於欲討論具質量之塊體，所產生之瞬時加速度。透過數值方法了解，使用多相流理論以敘述孔隙水壓力、孔隙氣壓變化歷程，其方法合理，未來可以使用現有邊坡模型分析其運動、變形過程與穩定性，同時內嵌多相流理論，試以完整地描述水力條件於邊坡內部的作用，作為大規模崩塌預警機制之前期研究。

Extreme landslide disasters have caused severe damages in Taiwan in the past years. As a result, it is an urgent task for the government and the research communities to reduce the loss by means of disaster management or engineering countermeasures. The aim of this work, in terms of the response action in the disaster management, is to study the mechanism of large scale landslide, and to provide the foundation for building a rigorous warning system. Case studies and literature reviews show that water seepage in the slope is one of the hydraulic conditions responsible of strength weakening. In view of the above reasons, a coupled model based on multiphase flow theory is helpful for us to understand the transport process in porous medium, and to analyze the phenomenon about liquid flowing through the solid matrix.

Experiments of water infiltration in a soil column were performed, of which the experimental observations serve as the base for modifying the theory, a coupled model. Two types of experiment were designed: the saturated infiltration and the unsaturated infiltration. In experiments of both type, the “seepage hammer” effect during the infiltration process can be observed, whose strength and duration depend on the types of the soil column. By the coupled model, it is found that the “seepage hammer” has impacts not only on development pattern of pore water pressure, but also on the soil strength. For this reason, a sudden increment of the excess driving force might be induced which causes the initial acceleration of the soil mass and the sudden drop of the safety factor. It is shown that the coupled model is able to reasonably describe the developments of the pressure of the pore water and pore air. Moreover, it could be regarded as a powerful tool for interpreting the hydraulic conditions in the slope unit. This work will become a preliminary study on the mechanism behind the occurrence of large scale landslide.

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