大規模山崩常造成巨大災害，致災原因大至受到地質環境、降雨、地震等巨觀因素影響，小至滑移面之摩擦係數、礦物變化、滑移速度等微觀因素影響。因此，比對不同岩性與試驗條件來量化其摩擦溫度，並了解滑移特性與機制，有助於山崩之防、減災及災後重建之依據。
本研究使用小林山崩及草嶺山崩兩個不同的崩塌現地岩石，比較其岩樣，並探討古亭坑泥岩之不同岩性在巨觀以及微觀變化對滑移機制之影響。首先，將五種岩性進行礦物組成分析與摩擦熱實驗，模擬岩石受熱後礦物相變化之趨勢，作為旋剪摩擦夾泥層之摩擦溫度推演背景。隨溫度上升，其主要相變為高嶺石、斜綠泥石、伊萊石及蒙托石之黏土礦物，五種岩性之黏土礦物組成最多為古亭坑泥岩，最少為卓蘭砂岩。本研究透過同步輻射即時 X光繞射分析受熱岩石之礦物變化，我們發現其相變溫度比實驗室加熱高50℃~100℃；我們針對小林村現地所採集到之滑動材料進行礦物分析，從X光粉末繞射之擬合（特徵峰強度變化）及FTIR（水解作用變化）結果推測滑動面可能受到450℃之摩擦熱，但由於實際滑移速度過程之升溫速度難以量測，因此，可能有高估或低估之可能性。
本研究利用高速旋剪試驗來模擬不同岩性在各種試驗條件下之巨、微觀差異，並結合現地案例相互比較，進而推演當時可能之滑移機制。透過不同試驗條件（正向應力、滑移速度、含水量、上下圍岩）之結果指出：礦物的組成與顆粒大小的差異會直接影響整體滑移特性。礦物組成中，黏土礦物含量較高的岩層，會得到較低的摩擦係數，這也反應著黏土礦物隨剪位移的增加呈現平行於剪切方向順向排列，並促進滑移崩落之產生，在微觀尺度發現多呈Y剪切之裂隙發育；從顆粒大小的差異表現得知，細小顆粒可以作為滑移過程中重要的潤滑劑，除了富含黏土礦物之岩層擁有較低之摩擦係數外，夾泥中之大顆粒隨剪位移的增加，因剪動而破碎亦使促進滑移之產生。此外，在軸向位移的表現，卓蘭層在初期快速剪縮後並沒有明顯回脹，定點薄片樣品之X光繞射分析結合加熱實驗之結果，我們推估卓蘭層之滑移溫度最高，至少超過600度，並且在微觀分析中發現靠近旋轉端，有焊接（weld）之現象，表示著夾泥層受到高熱影響而部分熔融，將摩擦熱實驗與旋剪試驗的結果相互比較後，小林村之岩性無論是現地採樣之滑動面或旋剪夾泥都有一致之趨勢變化，透過礦物相變化之量化結果與微觀分析，可更加證明滑移過程中摩擦熱對整體岩層穩定性之影響。

Large-scale landslides often cause huge disasters. The cause of the disaster is as large as the geological environment, rainfall, earthquakes and other macroscopic factors, and as small as the friction coefficient of the sliding surface, mineral changes, slip speed and other microscopic factors. Therefore, compare different lithologies and test conditions to quantify the friction temperature. Understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of sliding is helpful to the basis of disaster prevention, mitigation and post disaster reconstruction of landslides.
In this study, two different collapsed on-site rocks, Siaolin landslide and Caoling landslide were used. Compare the rock samples and discuss the impact of the macroscopic and microscopic changes of the Gutingkeng mudstone on the sliding mechanism. First, conduct mineral composition analysis and frictional heat experiments on five lithologies. Simulating the trend of mineral phase change after the rock is heated is used as the background for deducing the friction temperature of the rotary shear friction interbedded mud layer. As the temperature rises, its main phases become clay minerals of kaolinite, clinochlorite, illite and montmorillonite. The clay mineral composition of the five lithologies is the Gutingkeng mudstone at most and Cholan sandstone at least. In this study, real-time X-ray diffraction of synchrotron radiation was used to analyze the mineral changes of heated rocks. We found that its phase transition temperature is 50 ℃~100 ℃ higher than laboratory heating. We conduct mineral analysis on the sliding materials collected on site in Siaolin Village. From the fitting of X-ray powder diffraction and FTIR results, it is inferred that the sliding surface may be subjected to frictional heat of 450 ℃. However, it is difficult to measure the heating rate due to the actual sliding velocity process. Therefore, there may be the possibility of overestimation or underestimation.
In this study, the high-speed rotary shear test was used to simulate the huge and microscopic differences of different lithologies under various test conditions. Comparing with each other based on on-site cases, we then deduced the possible slip mechanism at that time. The results of different test conditions (normal stress, slip velocity, water content, upper and lower surrounding rocks) indicate that the difference in mineral composition and particle size will directly affect the overall slip characteristics. In the mineral composition, a rock layer with a higher content of clay minerals will have a lower coefficient of friction. This also reflects that the authigenic structure of clay minerals is sheet-like aluminosilicates. With the increase of shear displacement, minerals appear parallel to the direction of shear, which weakens the slip. In the microscopic observation, Y-shear cracks are usually developed. From the difference in particle size, we found that fine particles can be used as an important lubricant in the sliding process. In addition to the low friction coefficient of the rock layer rich in clay minerals, the large particles in the mud increase with the shear displacement. Fragmentation due to shearing also weakens the friction behavior. In addition, in the performance of the axial displacement, the Cholan layer did not significantly expand after the initial rapid shearing. Based on the results of fixed-point thin slice X-ray diffraction analysis and heating experiment, we estimate that the slip temperature of Cholan layer is the highest. In the microscopic observation, it is found that there is welding near the rotating end. It means that the mud layer is partially melted under the influence of high heat, so that there is more clear evidence for the performance of axial displacement.
The results of the friction heat test and the rotary shear test are compared with each other. The lithology of Siaolin Village has consistent variability whether it is the sliding surface sampled on-site or the rotary shearing mud. Through the quantitative results of mineral changes and microscopic observations, the frictional heat of the sliding process can be more proved. Furthermore, they have a deeper understanding of thermal mechanism and slipping mechanism.

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