因應資本市場國際化的發展趨勢，主管機關循序鬆綁相關法令並開放市場，此舉固然有助於我國資本市場的健全發展，卻也使我國證券商面臨更嚴峻的考驗。因此，如何創造及確保競爭優勢，已經成為證券商經營上的首要議題。而創造及確保競爭優勢所仰賴的就是知識。知識分享是知識創造與企業管理的成功關鍵因素之一，對證券商經營階層而言，如何建立有效的知識分享機制，以誘發員工自發性的知識分享，是刻不容緩的。本研究將從證券商員工的角度，探討組織公平、組織氣候與社會資本對知識分享意圖的影響。研究的結果，希望能喚起證券商重視員工知識分享的重要性。
本研究問卷以綜合證券商及專業經紀商員工為對象，總計發放390份問卷，回收有效問卷285份，並以因素分析、T檢定、ANOVA、迴歸分析及結構方程模型等統計方法進行資料分析驗證，實證分析結果歸納如下：
1. 組織公平對組織氣候、社會資本及知識分享意圖有顯著正向影響。
2. 組織氣候對社會資本及知識分享意圖有顯著正向影響。
3. 社會資本對知識分享意圖有顯著正向影響。
4. 組織公平透過組織氣候和社會資本的中介效果間接正向影響知識分享意圖。
5. 組織氣候透過社會資本的中介效果間接正向影響知識分享意圖。
6. 不同之人口統計變數在組織公平、組織氣候、社會資本及知識分享意圖有差異性。

In the light of globalization of the capital market, competent authorities have loosened the regulations and opened the market. These moves no doubt contribute to the healthy development of Taiwan’s capital market, however, have put the local securities firms in a more difficult position. The creation and maintenance of competitive advantages have become the top issue for the securities industry in Taiwan. The generation and preservation of the advantages truly depend on knowledge and the sharing of knowledge is one of the keys to knowledge and business management. For the management of the securities firms, the establishment of an effective knowledge-sharing mechanism to induce spontaneous sharing of knowledge is of great urgency. This study explores the influence of organizational justice, organizational climate and social capital on knowledge-sharing intension from the perspective of the employees of securities firms. It is hoped that the results of this study will bring the securities firms’ attention to the importance of employees’ knowledge-sharing in the organizations.
The subjects of this study include employees of securities firms and brokers. A total of 400 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 285 effective responses were received. The data were analyzed and verified using factor analysis, t test, ANOVA, regression analysis and structural equation models. The analysis results are summarized below:
1. Organizational justice has an significantly positive impact on organizational climate, social capital and knowledge-sharing intention.
2. Organizational climate has an significantly positive impact on social capital and knowledge-sharing intention.
3. Social capital has an significantly positive impact on knowledge-sharing intention.
4. Organizational justice has an indirect positive impact on knowledge -sharing intention through organizational climate and social capital.
5. Organizational climate has an indirect positive impact on knowledge -sharing intention through social capital.
6. Differences existed in organizational justice, organizational climate, social capital and knowledge-sharing intention for different demographic variables.

一、中文文獻
1. 毛曉鷁（2008），「員工對晉升制度公平認知影響工作投入之研究」，國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
2. 朱雲鵬（2008），「證券產業與台灣經濟發展」，中華民國證券商業同業公會。
3. 行政院金融監督管理委員會（2009），「證券暨期貨市場重要指標」。
4. 任金剛 (1996)，「組織文化、組織氣候及員工效能：一項微觀的探討」，國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
5. 牟鍾福（2002），「國中體育教師組織正義與組織信任對組織承諾影響之研究」，國立台灣師範大學體育研究所博士論文。
6. 李明錡、李淑芳（2008），「情緒智能與組織氣氛對護士工作滿意度之影響」，工商管理學刊，第4卷第1期，頁1-10。
7. 吳光雄（2007），「台灣資本市場發展圓桌會議會議手冊」，中華民國證券商業同業公會。
8. 吳曼寧（2001），「我國綜合證券商風險管理之研究」，國立台灣大學會計學系碩士論文。
9. 吳裕群（2007），「證券商管理之鬆綁與業務開放」，證券櫃台月刊第18期。
10. 吳統雄（1990），「電話調查：理論與方法」，第二版，台北：聯經出版社。
11. 吳萬益(2000)，「企業研究方法」，台北：華泰文化事業。
12. 呂佩諭（2002），「創業導向、吸收能力與社會資本對研發聯盟廠商之學習與研發績效影響之研究」，銘傳大學國際企業學系碩士論文。
13. 林鉦棽（1992），「組織公正、信任、組織公民行為之研究：社會交換理論之觀點」，管科學報，第3卷第3期，頁391-415。
14. 林淑姬（1992），「薪酬公平、程序公正與組織承諾、組織公民行為關係之研究」，政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
15. 周行一（2006），「提昇我國證券市場競爭力相關問題探討」，專題報告，財團法人中華民國證券暨期貨市場發展基金會。
16. 邵秀玲（2005），「以社會資本觀點探討中階主管之事業生涯成功與工作績效」，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文。
17. 金傳蓬（2003），「知識特性與社會特性對於人力資源活動外製程度之影響」，國立政治大學企業管理學系博士論文。
18. 陳美樺（2006），「差序關係對知識分享意願及知識分享行為之影響」，國立東華大學國際企業學系碩士班碩士論文。
19. 陳宗賢 (2003)，「員工協助方案與組織氣候對工作士氣、組織承諾與離職傾向之關聯性研究─以上市公司為例」，南華大學管理研究所碩士論文。
20. 陳怡辰（2007），「以計畫行為理論和科技接受模式探討知識分享」，國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
21. 陳昱亨（2001），「創業家與投資人關係之研究： 程序公平理論之應用」，高雄第一科技大學金融理財研究所碩士論文。
22. 陳順宇(2005)，「多變量分析」，台北：華泰文化事業。
23. 黃家齊（2002），「組織公正與組織公民行為認知型與情感型信任之中介效果」，臺大管理叢書，第12卷第2期，頁107-141。
24. 黃家齊、許雅停（2005），「團隊成員人格特質對知識分享及創新績效之影響-個人與團隊層次的分析」，管理學報，第23卷第2期，頁149-170。
25. 郭維哲、方聰安（2005），「學校組織公平對教師組織公民行為影響之研究：以信任及承諾為中介變項」，臺南大學教育經營與管理研究所。
26. 許士軍（2000），「關鍵資源與核心能力之基礎-知識管理的發展與系統觀」，中衛簡訊。
27. 許清鈞（2004），「金控成立後銀行之組織氣候、員工人格特質對員工工作滿意度及組織承諾影響之研究」，國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班（EMBA）碩士論文。
28. 傅振瑞、傅振祥、趙正翔（2005），「從組織公平的觀點探討員工知識分享的動機」，海峽兩岸檔案暨微縮學術交流會論文集。
29. 張玉文（2000）譯，Peter F. Drucker等著，「知識管理－哈佛商業評論」（Harvard Business Review），臺北：天下文化。
30. 張鈞傑（2006），「e-Learning中知識分享意圖之研究」，國立高雄師範大學資訊教育研究所碩士班論文。
31. 鄒筱涵（2006），「提昇台灣證券市場吸引力」，證券櫃檯月刊，121期，頁4-11。
32. 資勤學（2006），「以動機歷程整合模式探討虛擬社群知識分享行為之研究」，國立高雄第一科技大學資訊管理系碩士論文。
33. 蔡宗伯（2008），「知識管理活動、知識移轉、專業能力對人力資本市場的影響—以補教業為例」，國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班（EMBA）碩士論文。
34. 蔡培村 (1985)，「國民中小學校長領導特質、權力基礎、學校組織結構及組織氣候與教師工作滿足關係之比較研究」，國立政治大學教育研究所博士論文。
35. 蔡櫻枝（2002），「人力資源策略、知識導向文化、知識分享阻力對組織成員知識分享意願影響之研究」，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
36. 鄭仁偉、黎士群（2001），「組織公平、信任與知識分享行為之關係性研究」，人力資源管理學報，第1卷第2期，頁69-93。
37. 勤業管理顧問公司（Arthur Andersen Business Consulting）原著；劉京偉（2000）譯，「知識管理的第一本書」，商周出版， 24-40。
38. 劉哲良（2005），「從社會資本觀點探討知識分享、組織學習對組織學習績效影響之研究」，大同大學事業經營研究所碩士論文。
39. 輝偉昇（2002），「從社會資本角度看對知識部門及團隊學習效能之影響」，元智大學資訊社會學研究所碩士論文。
40. 賴志超（1993），「程序正義、分配正義與組織成員工作意向之關係」，國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
41. 謝素楨（2008），「社會網路、社會資本、知識社會化對知識分享影響之研究－以銀行業為例」，國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班（EMBA）碩士論文。
42. 鍾瑞國、羅潔伶（2005），「從社會資本觀點論組織知識移轉」，明道學術論壇，第一卷第一期，1-14。
43. 蕭偉評（2007），「如何提昇國內專業證券經紀商之競爭力」，台灣證券交易所。
二、英文文獻
1. Adams, J. S. (1963). “Toward an understanding of inequity”. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 422-436.
2. Adams, J.S. (1965).“Inequity in Social Exchange”.IN L. Berkowite, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Academic Press, 2: 267-299.
3. Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. W. (2002). “Social capital: Prospects for a new concept”,Academy of Management Review, 27(1), pp. 17-40.
4. Ajzen, Jcek(1985), “From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior, ’’in Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior. eds. Julius Kuhl and Jeurgen Beckma -nn , New York: Springer, 11-39.
5. Alavi, M. & Leidener, D. E. (2001). “Review：Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management System：Conceptual Foundations and Reseach Issues”,MIS Quarterly,Vol.1,pp.107-136.
6. Alexander, S. and Ruderman， M. (1987). “The Role of Procedural and Distributive Justice in Organizational Behavior”, Social Justice Research, 1: 177-198.
7. Baba, L. M., Gluesing, J., Ratner, H., & Wanger, H. K. (2004). “The contexts of knowing: Natural history of a globally distributed team. ” Journal of Organization Behavior, 25: 547-587.
8. Badaracco, J., （1991）The Knowledge Link：How Firms Compete Through strategic Alliancdw, Boston Mass：Harvard Business School.
9. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). “On the Evaluationof Structural Equation Models”, Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.16, No. 1, pp. 76-94.
10. Bies, Robert J. and Moag, Joseph S.,(1986) .“Interactional justice: communication criteria of fairness,” Research on Negotiatioin in Organizations,Vol.1,R. Lewicki,M.Bazerman, and B. Sheppard, eds., JAI Press, Greenwich, CT. 1986, 57-79.
11. Bies, Robert J. and Debra L. Shapiro,(1987). “Interactional fairness judgments: the influence of causal accounts,” Social Justice Research, 1, 199-218.
12. Bock, G. W., Zmud, R. W., Kim, Y. G., & Lee, J. N. (2005). “ Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: examining the roles of extrinsic motivators,social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. ” MIS Quartely, 29(1):87-111.
13. Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J.D. (1992). “An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology.”Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
14. Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (1998). Organizing knowledge. California Management Review, 40, pp. 90-111.
15. Burt, R. S. (1992). “ The social structure of competition. In N. Nohria & R. G.Eccles（Eds）”, Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action, pp.57-91. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
16. Coleman, J. S. (1990). “Foundation of social theory. ” The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
17. Constant, D., Kiesler, S., and Sproull, L. (1994). “What's mine is ours or is it? A study of attitudes about information sharing,” Information Systems Research (5:4), pp.400-421.
18. Davenport, T. H., ＆ Prusak, L. (1998). “Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know.” Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
19. Dessler, G. (1976). “Organization and Management: a contingency approach”, N. Y Prentice-Hall.
20. Deutsch ,Morten(1985). “Distrubutive Justice, New Haven”, CT: Yale University Press.
21. DeVellis R. F. (1998). “Scale Development: Theory and Applications. ” CA: Sage
22. Drucker, P.F.. (1993). “ Post-Capitalist Society”, Harper Business.
23. Dyer, J. H., & Nobeoka, K. (2000). “Creatingand managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network: The Toyota case.” Strategic Management Journal,21, pp. 345-367.
24. Dyer, K. R. (1997). “Estuaries, A Physical Introduction”, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp. 195.
25. Fishbein, Martin and Icek Ajzen (1975). “Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior”An Introduction to Theory and Research, Reading, MA:Addison_Wesley..
26. Floger, R., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). “Organizational justice and human resource management”, California: Thousand Oaks.
27. Folger, R., & Bies, R. J (1989)..”Managerial responsibilities and procedural justice”, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2： 79-90.
28. Folger, R. and Konovsky, M. (1989). “Effects of Procedural and Distributive Justice on Reactionto Pay Raise Decisions”, Academy of Management Journal, 32(1): 115-130.
29. Floger, Tobert(1987). “Distributive and procedural justice in the workplace,” SociaJustice Research,1,43-60.
30. Fukuyama, F. (1995). “Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. ”New York: Free Press.
31. Gabbay, S M., ＆ Zuckerman, E. W. (1998). “Social Capital and Opportunity in Corporate R&D: The Contingent Effect of Contact Density on Mobility Expectations.” Social Science Research, 27, pp. 189-217..
32. Gabbay, S., & Leenders, R. (1999). “Corporate Social Capital and Liability”, pp 197-216, London: Kluwer Academic Press.
33. George Speckart (1979). “Models of Attitude- Behavior Relations’’, Psychological Review. 86 (5), 453-464.
34. Gibbert, M., & Krause, H. (2002). “Practice exchange in a best practice marketplace. In knowledge Management Case Book: Siemens Best Practices, T. H. Davenport and G. J. B. Probst(Eds.) ’’, Publicis Corporate Publishing, Erlangen, Germany,89-105.
35. Granovetter, M. (1973). “The strength of weak tie. ” American Journal of Sociology, 78, pp. 1360-1380.
36. Granovetter, M. (1992), “Problems of Explanation in Economic Sociology,” pp. 25-56 in Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form and Action, Editors NitinNohria and Robert G. Eccoes. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
37. Greenberg, J. (1987). “ Reactions to procedural injustice in payment distributions: Do the means justify the ends? ” Journal of Applied Psychology, 72: 55-71.
38. Greenberg, J. (1990). “Organizational Justice: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow”, Journal of Management, 16: 399-432.
39. Hansen, M.T., Norhrina, N. & Tierney, T.（1999）. What’s the Strategy for Managing Knowledge？Harvard Business Review,March-April, pp.106-116.
40. Hargadon, A., & Sutton, R. I. (1997). “Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm. ” Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, pp. 716-749.
41. Hendrik, P. (1999). “Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on Motivation for Knowledge Sharing”, Knowledge and Process Management, 6(2), pp. 91-100.
42. Homans, G. C. (1961). “ Social Behavior: It's Elemental Forms. ” New York: Harcourt, Brace, &World.
43. IMD (2007). “World Competitiveness Yearbook 2007” International Institute for Management Development.
44. Kale, P., Singh, H., ＆ Perlmutter, H. (2000). “Learning and Protection of proprietary Assetsin Strategic Alliances: Building Relational Capital. ” Strategic Management Journal, 21, pp. 217-237.
45. Kim, W. C., and R. A. Mauborgne (1998). “Procedural Justice,Strategic Decision Making, and the Knowledge Economy.” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.19, pp.323-328.
46. Knoke, D., & Kuklinski, J. H. (1982). “Network analysis. ” Newbury park, Calif:Sage.
47. Kraatz, M. S. (1998). “Learning by Association? Interorganizational Networks and Adaptation to Environmental Change.” Administrative Science Quarterly. 43,pp. 621-643.
48. Krackhardt, D., ＆ Hanson, J. R. (1993). “Informal networks: The company behind the charts”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 104-111.
49. Leventhal, G.S. (1980). “What Should be Done With Equity Theory?”, In K.J. Gergen, M.S. Greenberg， and R.W., Willis (Eds.). Social Exchange: Advances in Equity and Research,New York: Plenum, 27-55.
50. Lin, N. (2001). “Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. ” New York: Cambridge University Press.
51. Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988). “The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice. ” New York Plenum Press.
52. Litwin, G. H. & Stringer, R. A. (1968). “Motivation and organizational climate ”Division of Research Graduate School of Business Administration Harvard University Boston.
53. McDermott, R.＆ O’Dell, C. (2001). “ Overcoming cultural barriers to sharing knowledge ”, Journal of Knowledge Management, 5(1): 76-85.
54. Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). “Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. ” Academy of Management Review, 23(2), pp.242-266.
55. Nancy, M. D. (2000.. Common Knowledge: How CompaniesYhrive by Sharing What They Know. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
56. Nonaka, I. (1994). “A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation”Organization Science, 5, pp. 14-37.
57. Nystrom, Paul C., Ramamurthya, K., and Wilson, Alla L. (2002). “Organizational context, climate and innovativeness: Adoption of imaging technology”, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 19, 221-247.
58. Portes, A. (1998). “Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. ” Annual Review of Sociology, 24, pp. 1-24.
59. Putnam, R. D. (1993). “The prosperous community: Social capital and public life. ” American Prospect, 13, pp. 35-42.
60. Quinn, J., Anderson, P., ＆ Finkelstein, S. (1996). “Managing professional intellect: making the most of the best”, Harvard Business Review.
61. Rousseau, D., Sitkin, S., Burt, R., & Camerer, C. (1998). “Not so different after all: Across-discipline view of trust,” Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 23, Iss. 3; p. 393.
62. Senge,P.(1994). “The Fifth Discipline: the art and practice of the learning organization. ” New York: Doubleday.
63. Szulanski ,G (2000). “The Process of Knowledge Transfer：A Diachronic Analysis of Stickness,”Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,Vol,No.1,pp.9-27.
64. Taguri, R. and G. H. Litwin (1968). “ Organizational Climate: Explorations of Concept” Boston: Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.
65. Thibaut, J. and Walker L. (1975)..Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis, Eribaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
66. Tsai, W. (2000). “Social Capital, Strategic Relatedness and the Formation of Intraorganizational Linkages”, Strategic Management Journal, 2, pp. 925-939.
67. Wang, C.C. (2004). “The Influence of Ethical and Self-Interest Concerns on Knowledge Sharing Intentions among Managers: An Empirical Study,” International Journal of Management (21:3), pp. 370-381.
68. Wasko, M. M., & Faraj, S. (2000).It is what one does: why people participate and helpothers in electronic communities of practice. Journal of Strategic InformationSystems, 9: 155-173.