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研究生: 李怡靚
Lee, Yi-Jing
論文名稱: 高效率無隔離元件二次側回授返馳式轉換器之數位控制研究與設計
Study and Design of Digitally Controlled High-Efficiency Secondary-Side Regulated Flyback Converter without Galvanic Isolation
指導教授: 蔡建泓
Tsai, Chien-Hung
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 121
中文關鍵詞: 數位控制AC-DC適配器返馳式轉換器二次側感測無隔離元件定電壓控制固定導通時間控制同步整流零電壓切換
外文關鍵詞: Digital control, Flyback, Secondary side regulated, Non-isolator, Constant voltage control, COT control, Synchronous rectifier, Zero voltage switching
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  • 本作品應用在手機適配器,符合最新USB PD 3.0規格,常用於作品規格之隔離型轉換器為返馳式轉換器,而傳統二次側回授控制返馳式轉換器需要隔離元件進行回授控制,本作品提出無隔離元件二次側回授返馳式轉換器,其搭配同步整流架構並利用同步整流電晶體達成零電壓軟切ZVS,以ZVS訊號將二次側輸出電壓資訊傳送給一次側,捨棄隔離元件降低成本,搭配變頻COT控制完成系統定電壓控制,在一次側ZVS訊號接收部分,使用輔繞電壓以及本作品提出之Zero Voltage Detector,無需任何高壓元件即可完成正確零電壓偵測。
    本作品使用全數位控制,控制器硬體以FPGA實現搭配PCB功率級完成控制法驗證與作品量測,證實作品符合目標規格,在輸入110Vac下的Voltage Regulation±3%的成果並使用同步整流優化導通損耗及零電壓軟切優化切換損耗。

    In this paper, the research topic is study and design of digitally controlled highefficiency secondary-side regulated flyback converter without galvanic isolation.
    This work is applied to the mobile phone adapter with the latest USB PD 3.0 specification. Flyback is the most commonly used isolated converter in the specification, while the traditional secondary side regulated flyback converter requires isolation components for feedback control. This work proposes a secondary-side regulated flyback converter without any extra isolation components which can lower the cost and reduce the number of components. In addition, it achieves zero-voltage switching (ZVS) with synchronous rectification architecture and transfers the output voltage information from the secondary side to the primary side through the ZVS signal. The control scheme of the work is constant on time (COT) control to complete the constant voltage of the power converter. To receive the correct ZVS signal in primary side, the work senses the auxiliary winding voltage and proposes zero voltage detector in digital controller to avoid the need of complex circuit with high voltage components.
    This work is digital controlled, and the controller hardware is realized by FPGA. As for the verification of the control method is completed by using the PCB board. The result of the measurement meets the target specification with voltage regulation of ±3% under 110Vac input.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 VII 目錄 VIII 圖目錄 XI 表目錄 XVI 1 第一章 緒論 17 1.1 研究動機 17 1.2 目標與貢獻 20 1.3 論文結構與編排 21 2 第二章 返馳式轉換器及AC/DC 適配器 22 2.1 AC-DC適配器 22 2.1.1 可攜式裝置適配器 24 2.2 基本返馳式轉換器 25 2.2.1 系統架構 25 2.2.2 功率級導通模式及工作原理 29 2.2.3 二次側光耦合隔離及回授控制(PCM) 35 2.3 返馳式轉換器之新型二次側隔離回授技術 40 2.3.1 磁性元件耦合 40 2.3.2 電容元件耦合 42 2.3.3 比較與討論 43 2.4 無需隔離元件之返馳式轉換器回授控制技術 45 2.4.1 一次側回授 45 2.4.2 無隔離元件之純二次側回授 47 3 第三章 返馳式轉換器之高效率設計技術 48 3.1 同步整流 49 3.1.1 External-Driven 52 3.1.2 Self-Driven 52 3.1.3 比較與討論 62 3.2 變頻操作及軟切控制 64 3.2.1 變頻操作 65 3.2.2 準諧振切換(Quasi-Resonant Switching) 67 3.2.3 零電壓切換(Zero Voltage Switching) 71 3.2.4 比較與討論 76 4 第四章 無隔離元件具同步整流零電壓切換之純二次側數位控制返馳式適配器 77 4.1 參考論文原理及作法 77 4.1.1 Turn-on Request 78 4.1.2 PS ZVS VDS Double-Pulse Sensing 78 4.1.3 PS COT Control 79 4.1.4 Start Up Routine 79 4.2 本作品架構及規格 80 4.3 功率級與外掛元件選擇 82 4.3.1 變壓器 82 4.3.2 功率級開關及驅動器 83 4.3.3 比較器 84 4.3.4 其他元件 84 4.4 數位控制器設計 85 4.4.1 Start Up Routine 88 4.4.2 Turn-on Request 90 4.4.3 PS Digital ZVS Sensing 91 4.4.4 PS COT Control 94 4.4.5 SS SR Control 94 4.5 模擬驗證結果 96 5 第五章 FPGA系統實作與量測驗證 102 5.1 實作平台與電路板設計 102 5.2 量測規劃與量測環境 104 5.3 量測驗證結果 105 5.4 預計規格、模擬及量測結果比較 110 5.5 成果比較與討論 110 6 第六章 結論 112 6.1 總結與貢獻 112 6.2 未來研究方向 112 7 參考文獻 116

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