「知識」是組織重要的策略性資產以及企業核心競爭優勢來源，而知識的創新與組織智慧資本的創造，開始於組織成員間的知識分享。一旦組織成員將知識視為個人物化資產下，分享知識是不合乎個人常理的。本研究期望如何在組織成員與組織對於知識分享的衝突中，找出真正誘發組織成員貢獻知識的動機並協助組織或企業建立引導知識分享的平台，進而掌握創新致勝的關鍵。
本研究應用理性行為理論(Theory of Reasoned Action, TRA)架構概念並整合經濟觀點與社會觀點探討組織成員對於知識分享態度與意圖之影響因素。本研究以2007 年中華徵信所「台灣地區大型企業排名TOP5000」之廠商為對象，以問卷調查之方式共發出問卷500份，回收問卷302份，回收率達60.4%，有效問卷為281份。回收之有效問卷使用SPSS進行相關統計分析並輔以LISREL線性結構關係模式，驗證其變數間之影響性。
經實證分析結果發現組織成員之認知公平與利他主義對於知識分享態度具有正向顯著影響，而組織成員之交易成本對於知識分享態度具有負向顯著影響。此外，組織成員之關係品質對於知識分享態度與意圖之間具有正向干擾效果。但組織成員之社會防禦對於知識分享態度與意圖之間具有負向干擾效果。此一實證結果，可做為後續知識分享研究在學術與實務方面的參考與建議。

Knowledge is the source of the organizational strategic asset and the core competence of enterprise’s competitiveness. The beginning of knowledge’s innovations and creation of intellectual capital is on knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing will be unnatural when members suppose knowledge to be own personal asset. The purpose of this study is hoping to find out members’ motives to contribute knowledge in the conflict between members and firms facing to knowledge share and helping organization to establish knowledge sharing platform in order to control the key of innovation and competitiveness.
Applying the framework and concept of “Theory of Reasoned Action, TRA)”, this study is to analyze the determinants on knowledge sharing intent and attitudes by an economic and social perspective. The sample was drawn from the Top 1000 enterprises of 2007 by China Credit Information Service Ltd. And bases on the returned surveys which were 302 out of 500 where the returns-ratio was 60.4%. Using the statistic software (SPSS 12.0) and LISREL model to explore the analysis, verify the influences of variables.
The results show that perceived justice and altruism have significantly positive impacts on knowledge sharing attitudes. And transaction cost has significantly negative impact on knowledge sharing attitudes. Furthermore, the effect of relationship quality is significant positively to moderate the relationship between knowledge sharing attitude and knowledge sharing intent, but the effect of social defense is significant negatively to moderate the relationship between knowledge sharing attitude and knowledge sharing intent. We also draw some suggestions and implications on knowledge sharing for the future academic research and firms.

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