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研究生：	邱顯琛 Chiu, Hsien-Chen
論文名稱：	視訊編碼器之可變位元率控制機制研究 Efficient Variable Bit Rate Control Schemes for Video Encoders
指導教授：	郭致宏 Kuo, Chih-Hung
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	86
外文關鍵詞：	Rate Control, VBR, H.264, Digital Storage
相關次數：	點閱：91 下載：0
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在目標位元率的限制下，位元率控制常被用來在產生高視覺品質的畫面。和一致性位元率相比，可變位元率可根據每張畫面的複雜度來任意分配位元。因此，可變位元率機制有得到優質且一致畫面品質的潛力，並且廣泛地運用在固定容量的影像應用。如何正確的分配位元給每張畫面去做編碼是最重要的課題。在這篇論文中，我們利用ρ-domain位元率模組來提出二次與一次可變位元率編碼演算法。二次可變位元率編碼演算法的基本原則為利用擴展式ρ-domain位元率模組來選取一個適當的量化參數(QP)給一群畫面(GOP)做編碼。然後，這一群畫面的每張圖都用這個量化參數編碼。至於一次可變位元率編碼演算法，我們則是利用之前已經編碼過圖像的資訊來建造一個擴展式ρ-domain位元率模組來找一個適當的量化參數。以此方式，畫面的品質不至於變動的太快。實驗結果也顯示我們所提出的可變位元率編碼演算法可以明顯的減少失真的變動，同時也可滿足固定儲存空間的限制。

Rate control is employed to generate the high visual quality coded frames under the target bit rate constraint. Comparing to Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Variable Bit Rate (VBR) can adaptively allocate the bits to each frame according to its complexity. Therefore, VBR scheme has the potential to obtain optimal and consistent quality, and is widely applied in fixed-size storage video applications. How to allocate the bits to each coding unit accurately is the most important issue. In this thesis, we take advantage of the ρ-domain rate model to propose two-pass and single-pass VBR coding algorithm. The basic principle of proposed two-pass coding method is to select an appropriate quantization parameter (QP) of each group of pictures (GOP) by extended ρ-domain rate model. Then, the QP is employed to encode each frame of GOP. For the proposed single-pass algorithm, we take the previous coded frames into consideration and build a extended ρ- domain rate model to find the proper QP. In this way, the visual quality will not vary significantly. Experimental results show that our proposed VBR methods can obviously reduce the distortion variation and also satisfy the constraints of fixed storage space.

中文摘要....................................................................................I
ABSTRACT...............................................................................II
LIST　OF　FIGURES.............................................................V
LIST　OF　TABLES..............................................................VII
Chapter　1　Introduction..........................................................1
　　1.1　　What is Rate Control?............................................2
　　1.2　　Research Motivation..............................................6
　　1.3　　Organization of Thesis...........................................7
Chapter　2　Research Background...........................................8
　　2.1　　Rate-Distortion Analysis........................................8
　　　　2.1.1　　Lagrangian Optimation..............................11
　　2.2　　Linear Rate-Distortion Model...............................12
　　2.3　　Quadratic Rate-Distortion Model..........................13
　　2.4　　The ρ-Domain Rate-Distortion Model...................15
　　　　2.4.1　　Linear ρ-Domain Rate Model.....................16
　　　　2.4.2　　ρ-Domain Distortion Model........................17
　　2.5　　Two-Pass Rate control..........................................18
　　　　2.5.1　　Quadratic R-D Model................................18
　　　　2.5.2　　The Real R-Q Model.................................19
　　　　2.5.3　　The ρ-Domain R-D Model.........................20
　　2.6　　Single-Pass Rate control.......................................22
　　　　2.6.1　　Reference QP of Previous Frame...............22
　　　　2.6.2　　Complex Measurement..............................24
　　　　2.6.3　　The ρ-Domain R-D Model.........................28
Chapter　3　Two-Pass VBR Rate Control Scheme..................30
　　3.1　　First-Pass Encoding...............................................34
　　3.2　　Second-Pass Encoding...........................................35
　　　　3.2.1　　Frame-Level Rate Control..........................35
　　　　　　3.2.1.1　Coding of First N Frames....................35
　　　　　　3.2.1.2　Coding of the Rest Frames..................39
　　　　3.2.2　MB-Level Rate Control..................................42
　　3.3　　Buffer Consideration.............................................43
　　3.4　　Experimental Results.............................................51
　　3.5　　Summary................................................................63
Chapter　4　Single-Pass VBR Rate Control Scheme...............65
　　4.1　　Single-Pass Encoding.............................................66
　　　　4.1.1　　Frame-Level Rate Control...........................66
　　　　4.1.2　　MB-Level Rate Control...............................69
　　4.2　　Buffer Consideration..............................................69
　　　　4.2.1　　Off-Line Application...................................70
　　　　4.2.2　　Real-Time Application................................72
　　4.3　　Experimental Results.............................................76
　　4.4　　Summary.................................................................81
Chapter　5　Conclusions and Future Work...............................83
References...................................................................................84
                                    

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校內：2037-08-22公開
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