在全球淨零轉型與再生能源快速發展背景下，太陽光電設施逐漸由屋頂延伸至農業土地、水域等生產空間，使能源發展與既有土地利用、產業生產及地方社會之間的協調成為重要治理課題。臺灣推動漁電共生政策，期望透過太陽光電與水產養殖的空間複合利用，兼顧再生能源發展與養殖生產。然而，政策進入地方場域後，涉及技術規範、土地利用、地方參與、生態風險、養殖實務及跨部門協調等問題，反映制度設計與地方社會生態條件之間的治理落差。本研究以臺灣西南沿海漁電共生主要發展區域為研究場域，探討政策推動過程中的治理議題與利害關係人認知差異，解析治理缺口的形成機制、政策回饋與制度調適歷程，並據以建構漁電共生永續治理策略。
本研究採質性研究取徑，以雲林、嘉義及臺南為主要研究場域，蒐集政策文件、法規、行政資料及相關次級資料，並訪談傳統養殖業者、漁電共生養殖業者、中央與地方政府、光電開發業者、非政府組織及學者專家等24位利害關係人。資料分析首先採紮根理論取向之歸納式編碼，經由開放編碼、主軸編碼及選擇性編碼辨識核心治理議題；其次運用政治生態學之權力關係、知識政治與尺度動態，解釋治理議題形成的制度與社會機制；再建構擴展解釋鏈模型（Extended Explanatory Chain Model, EECM），由政策論述、制度設計、地方實踐與社群回應、政策回饋與制度調適，以及制度持續推動與長期治理五個相互連結的階段，分析政策進入地方後治理問題的顯現、回饋、調適與演化歷程。
研究結果辨識出六項核心治理議題，包括技術標準與實務僵化、土地租金與空間排擠、程序參與與治理透明、生態風險與監測不足、地方知識與示範缺口，以及基礎設施與制度調適。在政治生態學分析進一步指出，六項治理議題相互關聯，其形成涉及權力關係、知識認定與治理尺度的交互作用，並可歸納為技術治理與知識落差、能源轉型下的空間與資源重組，以及多尺度治理與制度協調等共同形成機制。
EECM分析顯示，漁電共生治理具有持續回饋與調適的動態特性。政策目標轉化為技術規範與行政制度後，進入具有不同養殖、生態及社會條件的地方場域，治理落差於實際執行中逐步顯現；地方經驗、社群回應與行政實踐則透過協商及政策回饋進入制度調整，調整後的制度再次作用於地方，並在長期推動過程中產生新的治理需求。由治理議題、形成機制與治理演化歷程的整合分析，本研究歸納地方適配、公平協商、風險學習與跨尺度協調四項核心治理能力，並提出差異化技術治理與科學驗證、土地利用調適與公平協商、長期環境監測與適應性風險治理，以及跨尺度協調與區域治理四項永續治理策略，形成由治理缺口、制度回應至治理能力建構的整合性治理架構。
本研究建立連結治理問題形成、制度回應與治理演化的整合性分析架構，經由政治生態學揭示權力、知識與尺度關係如何共同形塑能源轉型下的治理缺口，以建構之EECM則將地方實踐、政策回饋、制度調適及長期治理納入解釋鏈，使治理分析由問題成因的跨尺度追溯，延伸至制度在地方實踐與政策回饋中持續調整與演化的動態歷程。由此形成「治理議題辨識—形成機制解釋—治理歷程分析—治理能力與策略建構」的完整分析路徑，將治理缺口的形成、制度調適與永續治理置於相互連結的分析架構中，深化能源轉型政策進入地方社會生態系統後之治理演化理解。此一架構除可作為臺灣漁電共生制度檢討、政策調適與長期治理之分析基礎，亦可延伸至其他涉及能源開發、土地利用、生產活動、生態環境與地方社會互動之再生能源治理情境，為能源轉型政策如何回應地方差異、整合多元知識、建立政策回饋及強化制度調適能力，提供具體的治理分析與政策實踐參考。

The acceleration of the global energy transition has resulted in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems being deployed in agricultural and aquacultural production spaces, transforming aquavoltaics from the spatial integration of solar PV generation and aquaculture to a complex governance arena involving land use, production, ecological conditions, and local rights and interests. Focusing on Yunlin, Chiayi, and Tainan along Taiwan’s southwestern coast, this study drew on semistructured interviews with 24 stakeholders to understand governance issues associated with the implementation of aquavoltaics-related policies in Taiwan. The interviewed stakeholders included aquaculture operators, government officials, PV developers, representatives of nongovernmental organisations, and academic experts. Inductive coding informed by grounded theory led to the identification of six core governance issues, the underlying mechanisms of which were interpreted through three dimensions of political ecology: power relations, the politics of knowledge, and scalar dynamics. An extended explanatory chain model was then developed to determine the iterative relationships among policy discourse, institutional design, local practices and community responses, policy feedback and institutional adaptation, and long-term governance. The findings indicate that governance gaps arise primarily from tensions between technocratic governance and local knowledge, the spatial and resource restructuring associated with the energy transition, and difficulties in multiscalar governance and institutional coordination. On the basis of the findings, four core governance capacities are identified: local adaptation, equitable negotiation, risk learning, and cross-scalar coordination. Moreover, four corresponding strategies are proposed for sustainable development: differentiated technological governance and scientific validation, adaptive land-use management and equitable negotiation, long-term environmental monitoring and adaptive risk governance, and cross-scalar coordination and regional governance. These strategies collectively provide a basis for strengthening institutional learning and enabling governance arrangements to adapt to diverse and changing local production, environmental, and governance conditions, thereby supporting the long-term governance of aquavoltaics.

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