空間規劃對管理於在世界各地都是個不可或缺的重要工具，對政府來說，利用空間規劃及管理，可以使土地之價值達到最高，並造成最少的資源浪費。然而海域空間因為環境以及三維性質的關係，其邊界對於陸域空間較難以明定。但由於近幾十年來海上活動頻繁增加，海域空間規劃(Marine Spatial Planning)逐漸成為各國政府管理其海域空間使用的手段。
位於台灣中部之彰化外海是一個擁有多重空間使用的海域，其中包含了漁業、發電廠、工業區、保護區，以及各種船隻之運輸航道。自民國98年6月起，漁業署根據漁業法，核准了以彰化海岸平均低潮線往外3海浬之區域，作為彰化縣之專用漁業權區。而經濟部能源局根據民國101年所頒布之「再生能源發展條例」，評選出三個離岸風機示範風場案，其中台灣電力公司以及永傳能源公司之示範風場位置，坐落在專用漁業權區之外側。根據國立台灣大學周蓮香教授所執行之生態調查，結果指出彰化外海為瀕危物種中華白海豚之棲息地，並且在彰化縣專用漁業權區裡有多次目擊紀錄。然而，當地漁民之捕魚行為，會對於白海豚之生活造成影響，嚴重可能造成其族群數量下降。而離岸風力發電廠之場址以及海底電纜之路徑，也和漁民之捕魚行為息息相關。
本研究將著重於分析各類型海洋使用者之間之衝突，並且利用地理資訊系統(Geographic Information System)將各種海域使用情況映射至同一地圖上，並且藉此來分析不同類型使用者之間的衝突。依據分析結果來改善原先之規劃管理，使衝突降至最低。根據本研究的結果，我們在對漁業造成最低衝擊的狀況下，發現以離岸3公里的區域作為白海豚保護區的地點最為適合，此保護區兼具生態保育功能及漁業資源復育功能。同時也計算出未來政府在開發潛在風場時，將可能會對當地漁業27%的經濟衝擊，希望能以此作為談判補償的基礎。整個研究過程中也發現，漁會在整個海岸區劃及管理扮演著極度重要的角色，彰化區漁會擁有執行科學調查的能力，他們提供的地理資訊以及漁民資訊，能夠大大提升管理的效率以及客觀程度。
在未來台灣各個海域進行區域劃分的時候，希望能藉由此研究，在不會影響到國家發展、漁民生計的情況下又能兼顧環境保護，取得生態、經濟以及開發之間的平衡。希望能藉此提供政府一個初步的架構，對於未來海域空間規劃及管理能有更大的幫助。

Spatial planning is a crucial tool for enabling governments around the world to manage their coastal zones (Douvere, 2008). For example, a manager could use spatial planning to implement effective planning and reduce source waste or conflicts among different sea users and the environment. However, due to the three-dimensional nature of marine environments, ocean zoning for various sectors will be a challenge for government authorities. As offshore activities have increased over the last decade, marine spatial planning (MSP) has gradually become an important tool for governments to manage their marine geographies.
The Changhua offshore area is dominated by multiple uses, including fishing grounds, an industrial zone, an ecological protection area, waterways, and ongoing offshore wind farming. In July 1999, the Fisheries Agency authorized the water within 3 nautical meters of shore as an exclusive fishing rights area. According to the Renewable Energy Development Act of Taiwan, there are two offshore wind farms located adjacent to the exclusive fishing rights area. Meanwhile, the result of ecological investigation shows that Changhua offshore is an important habitat for the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, which is an endangered species, and there have been many sightings recorded in this area (Chou et al., 2011). The local fisheries have influenced the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin, but the wind farms affect the local fisheries as well.
To investigate conflicts resulting from the competition of multiple users and the environment, this study analyzed spatial relations among the users and the environment, integrating these users and the environment into the same layer via a geographic information system (GIS). This study therefore proposed an improvement for coastal management according to the result.
The results of this study suggested that the water 3 kilometers away from the coast should be a marine protection area (MPA) for the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin. This MPA contains 76.4% of the dolphin sightings recorded, and 13.1% of the catches from gill nets would be affected within the exclusive fishing zone. In addition, the wind farm in the water within the fishing ground of the Changhua Fisheries Association resulted in conflicts between fishermen’s livelihood and the green energy development policy of the central government. Approximately 27% of the total catch will potentially be affected by the wind farm. These scientific databases of fishing data and ecological investigation should be the key elements for improving the coastal zone planning framework at regional scales because reliable information could be used for both reasonable MPA planning and acceptable compensation for fishermen.

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Chang, Y., Lin, B. H. (2016). Improving marine spatial planning by using an incremental amendment strategy: The case of Anping, Taiwan. Marine Policy, 68, 9.
Douvere, F. (2008). The importance of marine spatial planning in advancing ecosystem-based sea use management. Marine Policy, 32, 10.
Gel, F. R., Roberts, C. M. (2003). Benefits beyond boundaries: the fishery effects of marine reserves. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, 8.
Liu, W. H., Wu, C. C., Jhan, H. T., Ho, C. H. (2011). The role of local Government in marine spatial planning and management in Taiwan. Marine Policy, 35, 11.
Lopes, P. F. M., Pacheco, S., Clauzet, M., Silvano, R. A. M., Begossi, A. (2015). Fisheries, tourism, and marine protected areas: Conflicting or synergistic interactions? Ecosystem Services, 16, 8.
Martin, K. S., Hall-Arber, M. (2008). The missing layer: Geo-technologies, communities, and implications for marine spatial planning. Marine Policy, 32, 8.
Mangi, S. C., Rodwell, L. D., Hattam, C. (2011). Assessing the Impacts of Establishing MPAs on Fishermen and Fish Merchants: The Case of Lyme Bay, UK. AMBIO, 40, 10.
Ng, S. L., Leung, S. (2003). Behavioral response of Indo-Pacific Humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) to vessel traffic. Marine Environmental Research, 56, 12.
周蓮香、李政諦、高家俊、莊慶達、陳琪芳、楊瑋誠、李培芬、邵廣昭、陳孟仙、魏瑞昌、蔡惠卿 （民100）。中華白海豚族群生態、重要棲息環境及保護區方案規劃。行政院農業委員會林務局委託研究計畫系列。
Coastal Zone Management Act (2015).
The Fisheries Act (2015).
Wildlife Conservation Act (2013)
Wetland Conservation Act (2013).