地方感是指人對某個特定地方的情感和認知，包括該地的歷史、文化、社會和自然環境等方面所形成的感覺。在地方感的研究中，現有的實證場域較為集中在都市更新地區或鄉村的山村，而在山村的研究中，多數關注的焦點集中在宗教、族群或產業脈絡，相對而言，對於地方感在不同地理背景下的發現探討較為有限。隨著科技、經濟、社會急速變動，導致許多城鄉發展漸趨不均，甚至面臨產業消失的危機，又加上每年人口老化的速度節節攀升，間接也影響偏鄉社區的人口流動。左鎮地區具有獨特的地質背景，同時也是嚴重的高齡化地區之一。因此，本研究臺南左鎮地區的左中社區為研究區域與對象，並以地方感理論架構作為切入，透過半結構式訪談22位居民與文本及內容分析討論左中社區的地方感形成，進而找出更加符合社區的模型，了解社區居民的地方感。透過本研究達成以下目的：一、瞭解左中社區的不同面向因素的元素和地方特點。二、探究左中社區居民的地方感，進而了解地方感形成原因與獨特性。
本研究發現，社區的地方感由管理環境、社會環境、實質環境與個人層面組成，上述構成因素共同影響居民對社區的認知與情感連結，進而影響社區的發展。首先，在管理環境，過度自上而下的管理模式或尺度過大時，對居民的影響不僅限於環境層面，還會影響到居民的日常生活。社區內的法規大幅度線限社區的發展。社區的管理顯示出三個層次：中央政府、區公所及社區發展協會。過去，這些管理層次的態度較為消極，但近期逐漸轉向積極，為社區帶來了新的發展機遇。其次，在社會環境中，社區活動有助於增進社區凝聚力，並展現社區多元的宗教信仰和過去的產業結構，透過參與社區活動，個人與鄰里之間的社會網絡得以建立和鞏固。再者，於實質環境中，則是體現在其在周圍的自然環境及社區外的自然景觀景點。最後，在個人層面上，不同個人對於社區的感知和情感連結存在差異，且受性別和居住時間等因素影響，同時在個人中不僅僅代表單獨個體，而是包括多個個體所形成的集體，能夠更多面地呈現出社區的整體動態。
本研究發現，不同研究方法之間具有互補性，能以多面視角理解左中社區的地方感，並提供未來發展的參考依據。左中社區的地方感形成由社會環境、實質環境和管理環境三個主要因素所構成。個人經過自身的經驗和情感與地方建立連結，進而與環境產生雙向互動。因此，無論是社會環境中的活動或產業，實質環境中的設施或自然景觀，亦或是管理環境中的政策法規，都與個人的地方經歷和背景密切相關，增加對於不同環境的豐富度，進而形成左中社區的地方感。在後續的政策制定與規劃中，這些可以幫助更好地理解和促進地方發展，並在學術研究中提供寶貴的實證資料。

Sense of place refers to an individual's emotional and cognitive connection to a specific location, encompassing feelings formed by the area's history, culture, society, and natural environment. Empirical studies on the sense of place predominantly focus on urban renewal areas or rural villages. In rural studies, the focus often centers on religion, ethnicity, or industrial contexts, leaving a gap in exploring the sense of place in diverse geographical settings. Rapid changes in technology, economy, and society have led to uneven urban and rural development, the crisis of industrial decline, and accelerated population aging, particularly impacting the population flow in remote communities. The Zuojhong Community in Zuojhen District, Tainan, is characterized by its unique geological background and severe aging population. This study employs the theoretical framework of sense of place to examine the Zuojhong Community through semistructured interviews with 22 residents and text and content analysis. The goals are to understand the multifaceted elements and characteristics of the Zuojhong Community and to explore the residents' sense of place, uncovering the reasons for its formation and uniqueness.
This study identifies that the community's sense of place comprises the management environment, social environment, physical environment, and personal level. These components collectively influence residents' perceptions and emotional connections to the community, thus affecting its development. Management Environment: Overly topdown management or large-scale interventions impact the environment and residents' daily lives. Community regulations significantly restrict development. Management displays three levels: central government, district office, and community development association. Historically passive, these management levels are shifting towards a more active approach, bringing new development opportunities. Social Environment: Community activities enhance cohesion, showcasing diverse religious beliefs and historical industrial structures. Participation in community activities fosters the establishment and strengthening of social networks among residents, enhancing their sense of identity and belonging. Physical Environment: The community's sense of place is also reflected in its surrounding natural environment and nearby scenic spots, which improve aesthetic value and provide leisure and recreational spaces, contributing to residents' quality of life. Personal Level: Individual perceptions and emotional connections to the community vary, influenced by gender and length of residence. The personal level includes not only single individuals but also the collective formed by multiple individuals, presenting a comprehensive view of the community's dynamics. Different individuals' experiences and backgrounds enrich the understanding of the community, forming a unique sense of place in Zuojhong Community.
This study underscores the importance of various research methods in comprehensively understanding the sense of place in the Zuojhong Community. The development of the sense of place in the Zuojhong Community is influenced by social, physical, and managerial factors. Individuals establish connections through their experiences and emotions as they engage with their surroundings. Consequently, activities or industries in the social sphere, amenities or natural landscapes in the physical realm, and policies and regulations in the managerial domain are intricately linked to personal experiences and backgrounds. These components enrich the diversity of the various environments, shaping the sense of place in the Zuojhong Community. The findings of our study can facilitate a deeper comprehension and advancement of local development, providing valuable empirical evidence for academic research in future policy development and urban planning.

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