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研究生: 鍾智印
Chung, Chih-Yin
論文名稱: 振盪水柱波浪發電防波堤氣室反應數值模擬
Numerical study on air-water responses of oscillating water column wave energy caisson breakwater
指導教授: 郭玉樹
Kuo, Yu-Shu
共同指導教授: 蕭士俊
Hsiao, Shih-Chun
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 水利及海洋工程學系
Department of Hydraulic & Ocean Engineering
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 102
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 121
中文關鍵詞: 振盪水柱波浪發電防波堤發電效能FLOW-3D
外文關鍵詞: Oscillating water column, breakwater, wave energy absorption, FLOW-3D
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  • 振盪水柱波浪發電為目前應用最廣泛的波能裝置之一,防波堤為我國近岸保護常用之海工結構物,若能與波浪發電系統結合,可增加防波堤之功能多元性。為了將擷取波浪能量達到最大化,可藉由岸基振盪水柱式波浪發電裝置在特定典型波浪條件下的水動力特性的研究與計算,進行岸基振盪水柱式波浪發電裝置的最佳結構物設計。本研究以FLOW-3D套裝軟體建立數值模型,模擬二維岸基振盪水柱防波堤波浪發電氣室反應。經由網格獨立性測試,模擬結果與Stokes二階理論解和Zhang et al. (2012)計算結果相互比對校正後,取得合理之結果。
    本研究所選定之防坡堤幾何形狀與海域環境條件,初步參考花蓮港之東堤以給定分析條件。本研究利用數值模型合理考量氣水互制,探討波浪條件與振盪水柱系統幾何形狀對振盪氣室水位變化、氣體流速、氣體壓力與結構側向力之影響。於自由液面之分析,本研究分析波長比(L/lc’) 與振幅放大率(a/a0)之關係,探討不同入射波浪進入沉箱後之振盪幅度。結果顯示,隨著波長比增加,振幅放大率亦隨之增加。但當波長比L/lc’= 6時,振幅放大率之增加幅度趨緩,為曲線之轉折處。波浪擷取能量計算結果,本研究利用模擬之壓力與自由液面(用以計算孔口風速),計算不同入射波浪條件下之氣動能擷取情況,判定出該結構形狀之最佳能量擷取區間,並同時比較沉箱內振盪壓力與孔口平均速度與擷取能量間的關係。本研究建議以波長比與平均氣體能量功率之關係趨勢線所判定之結果為準,所得之最佳區間為波長比L/lc’ = 5 ~ 6.9時,且除了波長比與能量擷取率(即水動力效能)之關係趨勢線判定之最佳區間結果不同外,不同波長比間的沉箱內振盪壓力與孔口平均速度之關係趨勢線均可得到相同的結果,即波長比與水動力效能之關係趨勢線較不適用於判斷實際產生能量之情況(最佳擷取區間)。對於振盪水柱波浪發電防波堤之受力分析結果,本研究分別計算沉箱結構物在各牆面下受波浪作用之側向力情況,進而得到不同造波條件下之總側向力與防波堤基底合力矩。結果顯示,結構物側向力狀況與水位高度有極高之相關性,振盪水柱波浪發電系統所受最大側向作用力與基底合力矩隨著波長比增加而提高,直至波長比達到6時,增加幅度趨緩,與波長比與振幅放大率之關係曲線有相似之趨勢與相同的轉折處,而波長比為6時亦為振盪水柱波浪發電系統能量擷取最好之條件。

    Wave energy is one of the most potential marine energy resources in Taiwan, and the oscillating water column wave energy caisson breakwater is very suitable for the harbors in Taiwan. To maximize the performance of an OWC caisson breakwater, a numerical model considering the air-water interaction built using FLOW-3D to simulate the overall process and hydrodynamics behaviors. The curve between the wave length ratio and average pneumatic energy is suggested to determine the best range of energy conversion. The study demonstrates that there is a similar trend for the amplitude magnification, the maximum resultant lateral force and the related overturning moment.

    摘要 ...............................................I Extended Abstract ..............................II 誌謝 ..............................................VI 目錄 .............................................VII 表目錄 ..............................................IX 圖目錄 ...............................................X 符號 ............................................XIII 第一章 緒論 .......................................1 1-1 研究背景 .......................................1 1-2 岸基式振盪水柱波浪發電系統之研究與發展 ...............2 1-3 研究目的 .......................................7 1-4 本文架構 .......................................8 第二章 數值模式 ......................................10 2-1 FLOW-3D簡介 ......................................10 2-2 基本控制方程式 ......................................11 2-2-1 FLOW-3D之控制方程式 ..............................12 2-2-2 流體體積法 ......................................13 2-2-3 紊流模式 ......................................15 2-3 數值方法 ......................................18 2-3-1離散方法 ......................................18 2-3-2 網格處理法 ......................................18 2-3-3 障礙物處理法 ......................................19 2-4 邊界條件 ......................................21 2-4-1 上游邊界條件......................................21 2-4-2 下游邊界、結構物邊界與底部邊界條件 ..............23 2-4-3 頂部邊界條件......................................23 2-4-4 自由液面邊界條件...................................24 2-4 FLOW-3D模擬流程....................................25 2-4-1 模式建立(Model Setup)............................25 2-4-2 分析 ......................................27 第三章 數值模型建立與驗證 ..............................28 3-1 試驗設計 ......................................28 3-1-1 試驗模型與配置 ..............................28 3-1-2 造波條件 ......................................28 3-2 網格獨立測試 ......................................31 3-2-1 空水槽造波測試 ..............................31 3-2-2 結構物區網格配置 ..............................33 3-2-3 網格配置 ......................................35 第四章 結果與討論 ..............................37 4-1振盪水柱波浪發電之流體運動行為分析 ......................37 4-1-1 沉箱內自由液面變化 ..............................37 4-1-2 速度分布 ......................................45 4-1-3渦度場與能量耗損 ..............................50 4-1-4 空氣壓力分布 ......................................52 4-1-5 空氣與水交互作用分析 ..............................54 4-2 振盪水柱波浪發電效能分析 ..............................56 4-2-1 入射波浪能量 ......................................57 4-2-2 振盪水柱式波浪發電擷取之氣動能 ......................58 4-2-3 水動力效能分析 ..............................62 4-2-4 振盪水柱波浪發電效能分析小結 ......................63 4-3 振盪水柱波浪發電防波堤波浪穩定性分析 ..............65 4-3-1 振盪水柱波浪發電防波堤之受力與力矩 ..............65 4-3-2振盪水柱防波堤不同造波條件下之最大側向力與最大基底合力矩....72 第五章 結論與建議 ..............................74 5-1 結論 ......................................74 5-2 建議 ......................................76 參考文獻 ..............................................77 附錄A-不同時間相位之瞬時速度場 .......................i 附錄B-不同時間相位之瞬時渦度場 ......................ix 附錄C-沉箱內部壓力時序列 ..............................xv 附錄D-能量產值時序列 .............................xix 附錄E-不同波浪條件之作用力與基底合力矩時序列 ...........xxiii

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