本文研究目的係利用大比尺之孤立波試驗，進行不同坡度斜坡與水深條件範圍更廣的長波溯升試驗以比較孤立波的傳動與溯升，並運用不同的造波方法造出不同起始波形之長波藉以說明波傳的差異及不同造波方法於孤立波模擬的應用，同時與相關理論進行動壓、內部流場速度與溯升水體形狀的比較以瞭解海嘯與孤立波的溯升流場及動壓分佈，並進一步提出設計參數與建立模式以供海岸防治之評估參考。
本文於大型斷面水槽(長300公尺、寬5公尺、深5.2公尺)分次於坡度1/20、1/40及1/60三種斜坡佈置下，分別以等速直推造波板運動所模擬不同起始波形之N型波試驗與運用Goring(1978)方法所模擬之孤立波試驗，分別分析孤立波之傳動、碎波指標並比較N型波與孤立波的傳動與不同水深條件下之孤立波傳動。根據孤立波與N型波的比較，發現N型波因不同起始波形導致不同的波浪傳動及溯升高度，並得到N型波因散頻效應於等水深區域所演化的波形如愈接近孤立波波形，則此N型波於斜坡上的淺化、溯升與破壞威力均益形接近極限波—孤立波。此結果對於不具精密造波板控制功能的水槽設備提供可近似模擬孤立波的替代方案，也證實海嘯的威力乃在於散頻效應，同時其造波模擬不需要求尾波部份如孤立波理論波形一般完美而應強調前導波形與孤立波形的一致。另於三種不同等水深(h0 = 1.25、2.25 、2.95 m)的溯升結果，呈現出以往未曾注意的問題即隨著水深越大，無因次最大溯升高度越高的實驗結果，並觀察到如南亞海嘯所記錄原已呈減速狀態的溯升水體又瞬間加速的運動現象。
在孤立波之溯升流場量測中，藉由同步測定之水位及波壓以分析溯升帶底層水流對於結構物之動壓作用，並結合理論流速與動壓公式建立一推算方法能由設計的最大溯升高度得到溯升帶的動壓分佈，並由所量測溯升帶之最大動壓分佈，進一步提出動壓設計係數以考慮水體慣性力撞擊溯升帶結構物所額外增加的動壓成份。
根據溯升及波壓試驗量測證實壓力梯度應為驅動溯升運動之外力之一，因此本文修正前人的理論，提出一預測模式以計算碎波孤立波於斜坡上的溯升運動，此模式考慮水靜壓力梯度作用於溯升水體前端可變形且變質量的控制體，建立溯升運動的起始值問題並藉由數值方法完成溯升運動的計算，同時修正前人的水深公式以應用於本文的溯升計算模式。經由本文大比尺之實驗驗證，結果顯示本文所修正的水深公式可合理描述溯升過程的水層厚度變化，最後亦證實模式可描述碎波孤立波於斜坡上之溯升運動並藉以推算最大溯升高度。

The run-up of solitary waves was investigated experimentally and theoretically in this study. A series of large-scale laboratory experiments was carried out in the Super Tank (300 m × 5 m × 5.2 m) at Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory. On the plane beach of three slopes 1:20, 1:40 and 1:60, the wave evolution and maximum run-up heights of solitary waves were experimentally investigated by two different controls of wave generation as ramp-trajectory and Goring’s (1978) method. Another series of large-scale experiments was performed on a 1:20 sloping bottom to acquire more in-depth data which presented the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure and flow velocity in the run-up zone of a solitary wave.
The measured data are employed to re-examine existing formula that include breaking criteria, amplitude evolution and run-up height. The comparison between the solitary wave and the N wave suggests that the dispersion effect of N wave is determined on the shape of leading wave. As the shape of leading wave approach solitary wave, the characteristics on wave evolution and run-up of N wave are more similar to that of solitary wave. The re-acceleration of the advancing wave front was filmed when 2004 tsunami happened in Sumatra, and which was also observed in such experiments.
The run-up flow and related pressure of solitary waves breaking on a 1:20 plane beach were further investigated experimentally in super tank. The swash flow measurement of flow velocity is briefly discussed and compared with an existing analytical solution. By incorporating an analytical solution, the hydrodynamic pressure for a quasi-steady flow state is determined and compared with laboratory data. An approximate drag coefficient, in the circular plane that is normal to the flow direction, is suggested for the evident extra pressure exerted by the impact of a solitary wave.
Based on the asymptotic solution of water depth close to the run-up tip, a theoretical approach considering hydraulic pressure in the run-up process of breaking solitary waves was developed. The pressure gradient force is considered in the kinematic run-up process description by adding a pressure term in the force balance. This term is added on the leading edge within the run-up tongue. A depth equation is proposed as the description of the swash depth near run-up tip, based on the Shen & Meyer (1963) asymptotic solution of water depth close to the front, and is further applied to calculate the pressure gradient force acting on the thinning leading edge. An initial-value problem of run-up motion was constructed and solved using a semi-analytical solution technique. Experimental measurements clearly show that the proposed depth equation can reasonably describe the swash depth near run-up tip. Good agreement between modeled and observed swash behavior suggest that the present model can adequately estimates the maximum run-up height.

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