無論是整體經濟的競爭力抑或產業升級，或是個別企業的持續成長，「創新」皆是最關鍵、最根本的課題，然而要達到創新往往必須先產生創造力，員工的創造力常是創新的起點。根據文獻回顧，除了創意者本身的人格特質方面之外，個別員工或組織為了提高創造力所採取的各種活動（稱之為創造力機制），也會對創造力產生影響，進行影響到組織的創新績效。

　　而組織內部因素是否會對創造力機制產生作用，進而影響到創新績效之表現，卻是相關文獻中較少探討之課題。本研究以此為研究動機，試圖由過去學者所提出的理論整理出影響創造力機制之組織內部因素，及其對創新績效影響之模型，配合實證的方式來驗證這些假設，本研究研究目的主要是探討組織結構、領導風格以及組織策略等三項內部因素對創造力機制之影響，以及創造力機制對於創新績效的作用；此外，組織結構、領導風格與組織策略之交互作用下，對於創造力機制之影響，以及創造力機制與組織策略之交互作用下，對於創新績效之影響。

　　本研究的母體是以中華徵信所所公布的5000大企業為主要調查對象，共計發放450份問卷，問卷詢問對象為公司之高階管理者，並以公司為單位一家廠商寄出一份樣本。回收之有效問卷為94份，問卷之有效回收率為20.88％。

　　研究結果發現創造力機制會對創造績效產生正向的影響，顯示創造力機制的確可以促進創新績效，但是組織結構、領導風格以及組織策略等內部因素會對創造力機制造成影響，進而影響到創新績效，所以組織若想藉由創造力機制來增進創新績效，則還必須考慮到與組織內部因素的配合，才能真正的發揮創造力機制的功能。

　　鑑於此結果，本研究鼓勵企業應該將員工視為最主要的資產，除了對員工的創造能力進行激勵及培養之外，也應該考慮組織結構、領導風格以及組織策略的配合，如此一來不僅可以確保組織創新的來源，對於企業長久經營也會有正面的助益。

　As the business environment varies so rapidly, “innovation” has become a regular situation faced by enterprises. The source of innovation is the creativity; therefore, how to develop employees’ creativity is the key successful factor of an organization. Besides personal intelligence, individuals and organization can take the creativity mechanisms to enhance their creativity.

　Although the creativity mechanisms are worth discussing, little has been done in the literature in examining the relationships between the creativity mechanisms and the innovation performance of the organization and the internal determinants and the creativity mechanisms. Therefore, this study attempts to fill the gap in the literature by providing an integrative research framework through extensive literature review to identify the key determinants and to examine the relationships among these determinants, the creativity mechanisms, and the innovation performance of the organization. Based on resource-based perspective, hypotheses were proposed and then examined through an empirical study.

　The population in the study is the top 5000 firms of Taiwan listed in the China Credit Information Service Incorporation. A random stratified sampling method was used to select 90 firms in each of the five levels. 450 questionnaires were mailed. Of the 450 questionnaires mailed, 110 responses were received and 16 of them were incomplete. The remaining 94 valid and complete questionnaires were used for the quantitative analysis. It represents a useable response rate of 20.88%.

　The major finding of this study include: First, the results of the multiple-regression analysis show a significant link between the creativity mechanisms and the innovation performance. Secondly, the results of the multiple-regression analyses show support for the direct effects of the organizational structure, leadership, and strategy on the creativity mechanisms. Thirdly, the results of the T-test suggest that the strategy has direct impacts on the creativity mechanisms. Finally, the results of multiple-regression analyses indicate that the organizational structure and leadership have interaction effects with strategy on the creativity mechanisms.

黃延聰(2002)，「交易成本與組織能力觀點的比較與整合」，中山管理評論，第十卷第二期，頁261-289

吳思華(2000)，「策略九說：策略思考的本質」 三版，台北：臉譜出版。

Amabile, T. M. 1983. The Social Psychology of Creativity. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Amabile, T. M. 1988. A Model of Creativity and Innovation in Organizations. In Staw, B.M. and L. L. Cummings(Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior , 10: 123-167.

Amabile, T. M. & Gryskiewicz, N. 1989. The Creative Environment Scales: The Work Environment Inventory. Creativity Research Journal, 2: 231-254.

Amabile, T. M. 1997. Motivating Creativity in Organizations: On Doing What You Love and Loving What You Do. California Management Review, 40(1): 39-58.

Arad, S., Hanson, M. A., & Schneider, R. J. 1997. A framework for the study of relationships between organizational characteristics and organizational innovation. Journal of Creative Behavior, 31: 42-58.

Aranda, D.A. & Molina-Fernandez, L.M. 2002. Determinants of innovation through a knowledge-based theory lens. Industrial Management + Data Systems, 102(5/6): 289-296.

Arias-Aranda, D., Minguela, B., & Rodriguez-Duarte, A. 2001. Innovation and Firm Size: an Empirical Study for Spanish Engineering Cosulting Companies. European Joural of Innovation Management, 4(3): 133-141.

Armstrong, J. S., & Overton, T. S. 1977. Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. Journal of Marketing Research, 14(3): 396-402

Arnold, H. J. 1982. Moderator Variables: a clarification of conceptual, analytic, and psychometric issues. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 29(2): 143-174.

Atuahene-Gima, K. 1996. Differential potency of factors affecting innovation performance in manufacturing and services firms in Australia. The Journal of Product Innovation Management,13(1):35-53

Baer, M. & Frese, M. 2003. Innovation is not enough：Climates for Initiative and Phychological Safety, Process Innovations, and Firm performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24: 45-68.

Balkin, B. D., Markman, D. G., & Gomez-mejia R. L. 2000. Is CEO Pay in High-techology Firms Related to Innovation？Academy of Management Journal, 43(6): 1118-1129.

Barney, J. B. 1991. Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1): 99-120.

Barron, F. and Harrington, D. M. 1981. Creativity, intelligence, and personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 32: 439-476.

Bass, B. M. 1985. Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: The Free Press.

Barth, H. 2003. Fit among Competitive Strategy, Administrative Mechanisms, and Performance: A Comparative Study of Small Firms in Mature and New Industries. Joural of Small Business Management, 41(2):113-147.

Bharadwaj, S. & Menon, A. 2000. Making innovation happen in organizations: individual creativity mechanisms, organizational creativity mechanisms or both? The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17(6): 424-434.

Burns, J.M. 1978, Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.

Cavusgil, S.T., Calantone, R.J., & Zhao, Y. 2003. Tacit knowledge transfer and firm innovation capability. The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 18(1): 6-21.

Chandler, A. D. 1962. Strategy and Structure. Boston: MIT press.

Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. 1990. A absorptive capacity: A new perpective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 200-210.

Collis, D. B. and J. Montgomery (1997), Corporate Strategy－Resources and the Scope of the Firm. Irwin Book Team: 28-29.

Glynn, M. A. 1996. Innovative genius: A framework for relating individual and organizational intelligences to innovation. Academy of Management Review, 21(4): 1081-1111.

Grant R. M. 1991. The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review, 33(3): 114-135.
Gudmundson, D., Tower B.C., & Hartman, A. E. 2003. Innovation in Small Business: Cultural and Ownership Structure Do Matter. Joural of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 8(1): 1-17.

Hage, J. and Aiken, M. 1970. Social Change in Complex Organizations. NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Harmon, H.H. 1967. Modern factor analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Hemphill, J. K. & Coons. A. E. 1957. Leader behavior: its description and measurement. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

Hickman, C.R. 1995. The Organization Game-- An Interactive Business Game Where YOU Make or Break The Company. Simon & Schuster.

Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., & Hoskisson, R.E. 2001. Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization. Ohio: South-Western.

Lawrence, P. and Lorsch, J. 1967. Organization & environment. Boston: Harvard University Press.

Lewis, M. W., Dehler, G. E., & Green, S. G.. 2002. Product development tensions: Exploring contrasting styles of project management. Academy of Management Journal, 45(3): 546-564.

Li, H. & Gima, A. K. 2001.Product Innovation Strategy and Performance of New Technology Ventures in Chain. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6): 1123-1134

Li, M. & Simerly, L. R. 2002.Environmental Dynamism, Capitial Strature and Innovation：An Empirical Test. International Joural of Organizational Analysis, 10(2): 156-171.

Lovelance, K., Shapiro, L. D., & Weingart, R. L. 2001.Maximizing Cross-functional New Product Teams’ Innovativeness And Constraint Adtherence：A Conflict Communication Perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4): 779-793.

Lukas, A. B., & Ferrell, C. O. 2000. The Effect of Market Orientation on Product Innovation. Journal of the Academy of Marking Science, 28(2): 239-247.

Johnson, D. J., Donohue, A. W., & Atkin, K. C. 2001.Communication, Involvement, and Perceived Innovativeness. Group & Orangization Management, 26(1): 24-52.

Khatri, N., & Budhwar, P. S. 2002. Measuring charisma and vision and their effects on followers in the UK manufacturing companies. Management Research News, 25(8-10): 108-111.

Knight, K. E. 1967. A Descriptive model of the intra-firm innovation process. The Journal of Business, 40(4): 478-597

Majaro, S. 1988. The Creative Gap: Managing Ideas for Profit. London: Longman.

Martins, E. C., & Terblanche, F. 2003. Building organizational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 6(1): 64-75.

Mavondo, F., & Farrell, M.2003. Cutural Orientation: Its Relationship with Market Orientation, Innovation and Organisational Performance. Management Decision, 41(3): 241-249.

Mayfield, M., & Mayfield, J. 2004. The effects of leader communication on worker innovation. American Business Review, 22(2): 46-51.

Mintzberg, H. 1993. Structure in Fives : Designing Effective Organizations. NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.

Mumford, M.D., & Gustafson, S. B. 1988. Creativity Syndrome: Integration, Application, and Innovation. Psychological Bulletin, 103(January): 27-44.

Mumford, M. D., & Simonton, D. K. 1997. Creativity in the Workplace: People, Problems, and Structures. Journal of Creative Behavior, 31(1): 1-6.

Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. 1996. Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3): 607-635.

Orville, C. W., & Ruekert, R.W. 1978. Interactions Between Marketing and R&D Departments in Implementing Different Business. Strategies Strategic Management Journal, 8(3): 233-249

Penrose, E. 1958. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Oxford: Basilv Blackwell.

Pierson, D. A. 1983. A Technique for Managing Creative People. Personnel, 60(1): 12-26.

Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing Industries and competitors. New York: The Free Press.

Rasheed, S. H., & Geiger, S. W. 2001.Determinants of Governance Structure for The Electronic Value Chain: Resource Dependency and Transaction Costs Perspectives. Journal of Business Strategies, 18(2):159-176.

Ripple, R. E. 1989. Ordinary creativity. Contemporary Educational Psychology.

Robbins, S. P. 2003. Organizational behavior. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.

Rodan, S.2002. Innovation and heterogeneous knowledge in managerial contact networks. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(2): 152-164.

Ruppel, P. C., & Harrington, J. S. 2000. The Relationship of Communication, Ethical Work Climate, and Trust to Commitment and Innovation. Journal of Business Ethic, 25: 313-328.

Schumpeter, J.A. 1934. Theory of Economic Development. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Sciulli, D., Denoyer, K. K., & Griffin, S. F. 1998. Hybrid Structural/Acoustic Control of a Sub-scale Payload Fairing. SPIE - Proceedings of the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3329: 237-243

Sergiovanni, T.J. 1990. Value-added leadership: how to get extraordinary performance in schools. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Shni, S. J., & Zhou, J. 2003. Transformational leadership, conservation, and creativity: evidence from Korea. Academy of Management Journal, 46(6): 703-714.

Sternberg, R. J. 1988. A Three-Facet Model of Creativity. In R. J. Sternberg(Ed.), The Nature of Creativity. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Spencer, W. J. 2003.Firm’s Knowledge-sharing Strategies in the Global Innovation System：Empirical Evidence from the Flat Panel Display Industry. Strategic Management Journal, 24: 217-233.

Terziovski, M. 2002. Achieving Performance Excellence through an Integrated Strategy of Radical Innovation and Continuous Improvement. Measuring Business Excellence, 6(2):5-14.

Tsai, W. 2001. Knowledge Tranfer in intraorganization Networks：Effects of Network Position and Abosorptive Capacity on Business Unit Innovation and Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44(5): 996-1004

Tushman, M. L., & O’Reilly, C. A. 1997. Sorting organizational hardware. The Journal of Business Strategy, 18(4): 43.

Udwadia, F. E. 1990. Creativity and innovation in organizations: two models and managerial implications. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 38: 65-80.

Wernerfelt, B. 1984. A Resource-Based View of The Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5: 171-180.

Weerawardena, J. 2003.Exploring rhe Role of Market Learning Capability in Competitive Strategy. European Journal of Marketing, 37(3/4):407-429.

Zhou, J., & Jennier, M. G. 2001.When Job Dissatisfaction Leads to Creativity: Encouraging the Expression of Voice. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4): 682-696.