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研究生：	陳威豪 Chen, Wei-Hao
論文名稱：	界面活性劑對含銅重金屬污泥結合型態與去除效率之探討 Surfactant evaluate the influence of form of heavy metal by sequential continuous extraction on the extract efficiency
指導教授：	高銘木 Kao, Ming-Muh
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 環境工程學系 Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年：	2004
畢業學年度：	92
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	136
中文關鍵詞：	連續萃取、污泥、重金屬、因子設計、界面活性劑
外文關鍵詞：	factor design, surfactant, heavy metal, sludge, sequential continuous extraction
相關次數：	點閱：58 下載：1
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　　本研究以界面活性劑化學萃取印刷電路板之重金屬污泥，並透過連續萃取法討論重金屬之結合型態的變異。此外，本研究亦搭配2k因子設計進行萃取實驗，以便建立統計模式。實驗用污泥來自印刷電路板業，重金屬主要存在於鐵錳氧化態與殘留態，碳酸鹽態亦佔有一定的比例。
　　Triton X-100對重金屬的萃取實驗結果顯示，以1N NaCl配置濃度為0.3mM Triton X-100與固液比為1:10得到萃取效果最佳為46.23%。LED3A對重金屬的萃取實驗結果顯示，以1N NaCl配置濃度為0.2% LED3A與固液比為1:10得到萃取效果最佳，為41.63%。混合Triton X-100與LED3A兩種界面活性劑對重金屬的萃取實驗結果顯示，以1N NaCl配置濃度為0.2% LED3A與0.3mM Triton X-100且LED3A體積比為1:1所得到萃取效果最佳為33.58%。
　　印刷電路板污泥經過Triton X-100、LED3A與混合試劑處理後，其EC值仍普遍偏高且pH值呈現強酸情形，再者，萃取後殘留污泥之重金屬含量仍偏高。

　　This research try to use surfactant chemical extraction to remove heavy metals from sludge and evaluate the influence of form of heavy metal by sequential continuous extraction on the extract efficiency. In addition, this research also use 2k factor design to proceed extraction experiment, in order to establish statistics Model.Sludge sampled from printed circuit board manufacturing industry, Heavy metals in sludge existed as the forms of Fe-Mn fraction and residue fraction mostly. The form of carbonate fraction also have stable proportion.
　　Results of TritonX-100 to heavy metal extraction experiment showed that the best efficiency 46.23% was made of 0.3mM of Triton X-100 prepared by 1 N NaCl and ratio 1/10 of solid/liquid. The main factor that affects the extraction efficiency is the ratio of solid/liquid. Results of LED3A to heavy metal extraction experiment indicated that the best efficiency 41.23% was made of 0.2% of LED3A prepared by 1 N NaCl and ratio 1/10 of solid/liquid. Results of extraction experiment by mixing Triton X-100 and LED3A these 2 kinds of surfactant showed that the best efficiency of extraction 33.58 % was achieved by 0.2 % of LED3A and 0.3mM Triton X-100 with volume ratio 1 of LED3A especially.
　　After Triton X-100, LED3A and Mixed reagent treatment, because higher EC, lower pH and higher heavy metal content in residue sludge, so it is not suitable for returning to the field to utilize

摘要.............................................................................I
ABSTRACT........................................................................II
致謝............................................................................IV
目錄............................................................................VI
表目錄..........................................................................IX
圖目錄.........................................................................XII
第一章  前言.....................................................................1
1-1  研究緣起....................................................................1
1-2  研究目的與方法..............................................................2
第二章  文獻回顧.................................................................4
2-1  污泥之來源與基本性質........................................................4
  2-1-1  污泥之來源..............................................................4
  2-1-2  印刷電路板產業發展起源與現況............................................6
  2-1-3  污泥之基本性質.........................................................10
2-2  污泥處理技術...............................................................12
2-3  重金屬溶出技術.............................................................12
  2-3-1  化學萃取技術...........................................................13
   2-3-1-1  酸劑萃取............................................................14
   2-3-1-2  螯合劑萃取..........................................................16
2-3-1-3  界面活性劑萃取.........................................................18
2-4  界面活性劑.................................................................18
  2-4-1  界面活性劑的定義.......................................................18
  2-4-2  界面活性劑的分類.......................................................19
  2-4-3  微胞形成與影響CMC之因素概論............................................26
  2-4-4  界面活性劑的混合效應...................................................27
  2-4-5  混合界面活性劑的吸附行為...............................................30
  2-4-6  界面活性劑在環境工程上之應用	..........................................30
2-5  重金屬與基質結合型態探討...................................................31
2-6  實驗設計...................................................................39
  2-6-1  實驗設計概論...........................................................39
第三章  實驗設備與方法..........................................................46
3-1  實驗儀器與藥品.............................................................46
  3-1-1  實驗設備...............................................................46
  3-1-2  實驗藥品...............................................................47
   3-1-2-1  界面活性劑種類及性質................................................47
   3-1-2-2  其他試藥............................................................49
 3-2  實驗步驟與方法............................................................50
  3-2-1  污泥基本理化特性分析...................................................51
  3-2-2  污泥重金屬等溫化學萃取實驗.............................................52
  3-2-3  2K因子設計.............................................................52
  3-2-4  多重化學藥劑連續萃取法.................................................55
   3-2-4-1  可交換態............................................................55
   3-2-4-2  碳酸鹽態............................................................55
   3-2-4-3  鐵錳氧化態..........................................................57
   3-2-4-4  有機態..............................................................57
   3-2-4-5  殘留態..............................................................57
  3-2-5  殘留污泥EC值與pH值測定.................................................58
第四章   結果與討論.............................................................59
4-1  污泥基本理化性質與重金屬分析結果...........................................59
  4-1-1  污泥基本理化性質分析結果...............................................59
  4-1-2  污泥重金屬分析結果.....................................................62
   4-1-2-1  TCLP分析結果........................................................62
   4-1-2-2  重金屬總量分析與SCE分析結果.........................................64
 4-2  Triton X-100萃取效率探討..................................................67
  4-2-1  污泥等溫萃取實驗結果...................................................67
  4-2-2  萃取後殘留污泥SCE分析結果..............................................71
  4-2-3  結合型態之影響因子評估.................................................77
4-3  LED3A萃取效率探討..........................................................83
  4-3-1  污泥等溫萃取實驗結果...................................................83
  4-3-2  萃取後殘留污泥SCE分析結果..............................................87
  4-3-3  結合型態之影響因子評估.................................................93
4-4  混合Triton X-100與LED3A萃取效率探討........................................99
  4-4-1  污泥等溫萃取實驗結果...................................................99
  4-4-2  萃取後殘留污泥SCE分析結果.............................................104
  4-4-3  結合型態之影響因子評估................................................113
4-5  殘留污泥再利用性評估......................................................120
  4-5-1  Triton X-100萃取後殘留污泥之EC值與pH值................................120
  4-5-2  LED3A萃取後殘留污泥之EC值與pH值.......................................121
  4-5-3  混合界面活性劑萃取後殘留污泥之EC值與pH值..............................122
第五章  結論與建議.............................................................124
5-1  結論......................................................................124
5-2  建議......................................................................126
第六章  參考文獻...............................................................127

                                    

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