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研究生： 吳婕瑜
Wu, Jie-Yu
論文名稱： 高碳高氮廢水生物處理實廠功能評估及效能提升之研究
Performance evaluation and efficiency improvement for a full-scale biological treatment plant treating high-strength carbon and nitrogen wastewater
指導教授： 黃良銘
Whang, Liang-Ming
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 環境工程學系
Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年： 2019
畢業學年度： 107
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 96
中文關鍵詞： 回收系統 、生物降解性 、硝化作用 、脫硝作用 、初始食微比
外文關鍵詞： reclaim system, biodegradability, nitrification, denitrification, S0/X0 ratio
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    • 半導體產業中所使用到的有機溶劑皆含有許多電子級的化學品，例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、乙二醇單丁醚(BDG)、環戊酮(CPN)等，而近年來這些化學品的回收系統已被廣泛的使用，雖然回收系統能回收有機溶劑中大部分的NMP、BDG、CPN等電子級化學品，但經由回收系統所產生的殘餘廢液，仍含有高濃度的有機碳和有機氮，若無妥善處理，將會對環境造成一定的破壞。因此本研究將針對某化學製造廠所提供的NMP、BDG、CPN三種殘餘廢液，探討生物處理高碳高氮廢液的可行性，其中包括於厭氧、好氧及缺氧狀態下，進行殘餘廢液中高濃度COD的降解效率試驗，以及利用硝化和脫硝批次試驗，找到處理高濃度有機氮的最佳操作條件，並且藉由分子生物技術，解析實廠生物除氮系統中的優勢微生物族群，以提高整體生物除氮的效率。在厭氧、缺氧及好氧條件下測試實廠三股殘餘廢液中高濃度COD的降解效率，結果顯示在厭氧條件下，殘餘廢液中的COD皆無法被微生物有效去除，而NMP殘餘廢液中的COD於好氧與缺氧條件下皆能被微生物有效降解，在初始食微比分別為2.5和1.5的條件下，可得到最佳的COD比降解速率，而CPN殘餘廢液則於好氧條件下有較佳的COD去除效率。在硝化批次試驗部分，以硝化菌還未經馴養為前提，結果顯示實廠硝化菌對氨氮的最大負荷濃度為500 mg-N/L，一旦氨氮進流濃度超過750 mg-N/L，則會有亞硝累積的問題發生，而其最佳pH操作範圍為7.5-8.0。而從脫硝批次結果顯示，實廠脫硝菌在未經馴養前，對硝酸的最大負荷濃度可達2,000 mg-N/L，另外脫硝菌能有效利用實廠中NMP殘餘廢液作為碳源，以進行脫硝作用達到完全除氮的目的。

    The organic solvents used in the semiconductor industry contain many electronic grade chemicals such as n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), 2-butoxyethanol (BDG) and cyclopentanone (CPN) and the reclaim systems for these chemicals have been widely applied in the chemical manufacturing industry. Although the reclaim system can recover most of NMP, BDG and CPN, however, the distilled residues still contains high concentration of organic carbon and nitrogen. In this study, the biodegradability of high-strength carbon and nitrogen wastewaters including NMP, BDG and CPN distilled residues provided by chemical manufacturing plant was investigated. Batch experiments were designed and conducted to test the efficiency of COD degradation under anaerobic, aerobic and anoxic conditions. Results indicate that COD removal in all three NMP, BDG and CPN distilled residues were poor under anaerobic condition. COD in NMP distilled residues was more easily to be degraded under aerobic or anoxic condition, with the highest specific COD degradation rate of 25.2 and 11.8 mg/h-gVSS when S0/X0 ratios were 2.5 and 1.5, respectively. On the other hand, COD in CPN distilled residues could also be removed aerobically with high efficiency. Besides, batch experiments for the nitrification and denitrification were conducted to find the optimum operant conditions for nitrogen removal. Without prior adaptation, the optimum ammonium loading concentration for nitrifying microorganisms was 500 mg-N/L, while nitrite was accumulated once the ammonium influent concentration exceeded 750 mg-N/L. Batch results also indicate that the optimum pH for nitrification was between 7.5 and 8.0. As for the denitrification, the optimum nitrate loading concentration for denitrifying microorganisms was about 2,000 mg-N/L, while COD in the NMP distilled residues was applicable to be as carbon source on denitrification process. Moreover, molecular biotechnology was applied to understand the dominant microbial community in the biological nitrogen removal system.

    摘要 I Abstract II Acknowledgements IV Table of Content V List of Tables IX List of Figures XI Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Literature Review 3 2-1 Characteristic of semiconductor industry wastewater 3 2-2 Characteristic of nitrogen 4 2-2-1 Nitrogen pollution 4 2-2-2 Nitrogen cycle 4 2-3 Biological removal of nitrogen 11 2-3-1 Biological nutrient removal systems 11 2-3-2 Nitrifying microorganisms 13 2-2-3 Denitrifying microorganisms 15 2-4 Anaerobic treatment 17 2-4-1 Mechanism of anaerobic digestion process 17 2-4-2 Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic treatment 18 2-5 Molecular biotechnology 20 2-5-1 DNA extraction 21 2-5-2 Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 22 2-5-3 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism 23 Chapter 3 Materials and Methods 25 3-1 Research framework 25 3-2 Characteristics of the distilled residues 27 3-3 COD degradation batch experiment 29 3-3-1 Anaerobic batch experimental design 29 3-3-2 Aerobic batch experimental design 31 3-3-3 Anoxic batch experimental design 33 3-4 Nitrification batch experiment 36 3-4-1 The pH effect 36 3-4-2 The COD/N ratio effect 38 3-5 Denitrification batch experiment 41 3-6 Analytical Methods 43 3-6-1 General analysis 43 3-6-2 Instrumental analysis 44 3-7 Molecular biotechnology analysis 46 3-7-1 DNA Extraction 47 3-7-2 Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 47 3-7-3 Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 51 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 53 4-1 COD degradation batch experiment 53 4-1-1 Anaerobic batch experiment 53 4-1-2 Aerobic batch experiment 62 4-1-3 Anoxic batch experiment 65 4-2 Nitrification batch experiment 68 4-2-1 The pH effect 68 4-2-2 The COD/N ratio effect 72 4-3 Denitrification batch experiment 77 4-4 Molecular biotechnology 80 4-4-1 Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 80 4-4-2 Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 84 4-4-3 Discussion of molecular biotechnology results 85 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Suggestions 87 5-1 COD degradation batch experiment 87 5-2 Nitrification and denitrification batch experiment 87 5-3 Molecular biotechnology 88 5-4 Suggestions 89 References 90

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