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研究生： 蔡典霖
Tsai, Dian-Lin
論文名稱： 應用於獵取室內光能之具最大功率點追蹤控制法的低功耗升壓型轉換器
A Low-Power-Consumption Boost Converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Indoor Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting
指導教授： 魏嘉玲
Wei, Chia-Ling
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2014
畢業學年度： 102
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 71
中文關鍵詞： 室內光能 、最大功率追蹤 、直流─直流轉換器 、開路電壓法
外文關鍵詞： Indoor photovoltaic, Maximum power point tracking, DC-DC Converter, Fractional open-circuit voltage
相關次數： 點閱：129  下載：7 
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    • 近年來，無線感測網路的技術突飛猛進，惟其運轉生命週期仍受儲能設備限制，因此，若能從環境中獵取能量來供給各個感測器，便可提升運轉生命週期而降低成本。本篇論文提出一應用於獵取室內光能的低功耗升壓型轉換器，其具備應用於光伏電池的最大功率點追蹤技術，藉由調變其功率電晶體之導通時間，控制光伏電池之輸出功率，可使隨照度與環境溫度改變的光伏電池之輸出功率獲得完全的利用，並將獵取之能量儲存於超級電容中。本系統整合於單一晶片中，使用台灣積體電路公司0.18μm 1P6M混合訊號製程製作，面積為853×1006 μm2。系統最佳儲存效率為77.1 %，最佳追蹤效率為64.8 %，最佳總效率為42.8 %。

    In recent years, wireless sensor network (WSN) technique develops rapidly, but its operation life is still limited by the energy storage element. Thus, if ambient energy is harvested to supply the sensors, the operation life can be increased and the cost can be reduced. A boost converter for indoor photovoltaic energy harvesting with low power consumption is proposed in this thesis. For harvesting energy from PV cell, the proposed converter applies the maximum power point tracking algorithm, and controls the output power of the PV cell by regulating the conduction time of the power transistors, so that the output power of the illuminance- and temperature-sensitive PV cell is utilized completely. The harvested energy is stored in a super capacitor. The proposed system is integrated into a chip, which was fabricated by using TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M mixed-signal process, and the total area is 853×1006 μm2. The best storage efficiency is 77.1 %, the best tracking efficiency is 64.8 %, and the best total efficiency is 42.8 %.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III Table of Contents IV List of Tables VII List of Figures VIII Chapter 1 Introductions 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Organization 2 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking 3 2.1 Fundamentals of Photovoltaic Cell 3 2.1.1 Classifications of Typical Photovoltaic Cells 3 2.1.2 Characteristics of Photovoltaic Cells 5 2.2 Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms 10 2.2.1 Hill Climbing/P&O 10 2.2.2 Incremental Conductance 12 2.2.3 Fractional Short-Circuit Current 13 2.2.4 Fractional Open-Circuit Voltage 15 Chapter 3 Block Diagram and Circuit Design 16 3.1 Block Diagram 16 3.1.1 Boost Converter 17 3.1.2 Energy Storage Elements 21 3.2 Circuit Design 23 3.2.1 Power Stage 24 3.2.2 Comparator 24 3.2.3 Supply Voltage Selector 26 3.2.4 Open Circuit Voltage Sampling Circuit 28 3.2.5 Sampling Clock Generator 28 3.2.6 Maximum Power Point Tracking and PFM Controller 29 3.2.7 DCM Detector 32 3.2.8 Bias Voltage Generator 34 3.2.9 ON/OFF Mode Selector 34 3.2.10 Dead-time Controller 35 3.2.11 Anti-ringing Circuit 37 3.3 System Procedure 38 3.3.1 Initial State 38 3.3.2 Closed-loop State 39 Chapter 4 Simulation Results and Layout Consideration 41 4.1 Simulation Results 41 4.1.1 Start-up Simulation 41 4.1.2 Closed-loop state simulation 43 4.2 Layout 51 4.2.1 Layout Consideration 52 4.2.2 Bonding Diagram 53 Chapter 5 Measurement Results 54 5.1 Measurement Environment 54 5.2 Measurement Result 58 5.2.1 Start-up and Steady-state Waveforms 58 5.2.2 Efficiency 61 5.3 Performance 65 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Work 67 References 68

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