本研究旨在探討企業與產業主流之間的「相異性」如何影響其在市場中的存活表現，並以台灣螺絲螺帽（扣件）產業為實證場域。傳統的組織族群生態學強調環境選擇與產業密度對企業存活的影響，然而忽略了企業個體間在策略、資源與市場定位上的差異性。為補足此研究缺口，本文引入Deephouse (1999)提出的戰略平衡理論，並結合制度理論、資源基礎觀點與策略群組觀點，建構一個同時考量合法性與差異化的存活分析架構。
本研究採用 Cox 比例風險模型進行生存分析，資料來源為經濟部與財政部公開資料，涵蓋2013年至2024年間台灣扣件產業企業。相異性係透過企業登記行業代碼與產業平均向量間的距離計算得出，並同時納入控制變數（如資本額、經驗、密度）與虛擬變數（進場年份、產業別）。實證結果顯示，相異性對企業存活確具顯著影響，且在特定範圍內的中度相異性有助於提升企業的生存機率。此外，制度環境與進場時點亦對相異性與存活之間的關係產生調節效果。最後，本研究亦發現多角化作為一種差異化來源，可能透過資源配置與策略一致性影響企業存活表現。
本研究不僅補足組織生態理論對個體策略差異的忽視，亦提供企業在動態競爭環境下進行定位與策略調整的實務啟發，並對中小企業政策、產業升級策略提供實證基礎。

This study investigates how organizational dissimilarity affects firm survival in the context of Taiwan’s fastener industry. While population ecology theory has long emphasized environmental selection and population density as key determinants of organizational survival, it often overlooks strategic and structural differences among individual firms. To address this gap, this research incorporates Deephouse’s (1999) Strategic Balance Theory, which integrates institutional legitimacy and competitive differentiation, along with insights from institutional theory, the resource-based view, and strategic group theory.
Using a Cox proportional hazards model, the study analyzes longitudinal data from Taiwan's Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Finance between 2013 and 2024. Dissimilarity is operationalized as the distance between a firm’s set of industry classification codes and the average profile of the population. Control variables (capital, experience, market density) and dummy variables (entry year, industry sector) are included in the model. The empirical results indicate that dissimilarity has a statistically significant effect on survival probability, and that firms with moderate dissimilarity tend to exhibit higher survival rates. Furthermore, entry timing and institutional context moderate the relationship between dissimilarity and survival. Diversification, as a source of strategic dissimilarity, is also shown to influence survival outcomes through its interaction with organizational resources and coherence.
This study contributes to the literature by extending population ecology through a firm-level strategic lens. It offers both theoretical refinement and practical guidance for firms seeking to balance differentiation and legitimacy in highly competitive and institutionally embedded industries.

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