隨著知識經濟時代的來臨，「知識」儼然成為企業重要的競爭利器。如何將知識的價值發揮其最大效用，乃是如何運用知識管理中之知識分享將知識的效用發揮極大，以替企業帶來更多的利潤與競爭優勢。近年來，知識分享的研究大受重視，組織成員經由知識的分享可以迅速的溝通、獲取經驗，並將知識本身創造出更高的價值，為企業帶來更多的附加價值與利潤。而影響知識分享的因素更是值得探討，本研究運用社會認知理論的三構面：環境、個人、行為的觀點來探討知識分享行為。
本研究以社會認知理論為基礎，並以台灣製造業之研發人員為研究對象，組織文化、組織信任與資訊科技作為環境因素，個人知識分享行為作為個人因素，研發績效作為行為因素，用社會認知理論之來探討三構面之間的交互影響。

本研究使用問卷調查法來收集台灣前二千大製造業中之研發人員對於個人知識分享行為對研發績效之影響，並採迴歸分析方法進行檢驗。其結果顯示，製造業的組織文化環境愈開放、對組織愈支持者，以及組織成員對組織的信任程度愈高，則愈易有知識分享行為。企業組織成員藉由資訊科技作為知識分享行為工具，將能有效降低成本、精簡組織，為組織創造更高績效與利潤。知識分享行為能幫助製造業提昇研發績效、減少產品設計階段的錯誤，並加快上市時間。
關鍵字：社會認知理論、組織文化、組織信任、資訊科技、知識分享行為、研發績效

As approaching to the era of knowledge-based economy, knowledge has become the most important competing advantage for an organization. Finding the most efficient way to utilize the value of knowledge, that is to know how to maximize the efficient of knowledge through knowledge sharing and bringing more profit and competitive advantage to an organization. In recent years, researches on knowledge sharing have received considerable attention. Through knowledge sharing, members within an organization can communicate with each other more rapidly, gaining experience from others, creating values to their knowledge, and brings both value-added knowledge and higher profitability to the organization. In fact, the possible factors that might influence knowledge sharing are worth to investigate. This study has applied three perspectives “environment, individual, and behavior” of social cognitive theory to explore the action of knowledge sharing.
This study is to explore the reciprocal effect between three perspectives based on social cognitive theory. Development staffs in Taiwan manufacturing industry act as research objects. Organizational culture, organizational trust, and informational technology are identified as environmental factors. Individual knowledge sharing behavior is the individual factor. Performance of research and development is the behavior factor.

By using questionnaire investigation technique, development staffs from Taiwan top 2000 manufacturing firms has giving their opinions of the personal knowledge sharing influence on R&D performance, and then evaluating with regression analyses. The result shows knowledge sharing behavior often occurs in an organizational culture open environment, when the members of an organization is supporting its organization, and the level of organization trust is high. For organization that its members using information technology as a tool for knowledge sharing will lower its cost, simplifying its organization, and creating greater performance and profit to the organization. Knowledge sharing behavior tend to help manufacturing industry to improve its performance on R&D, minimizing the mistake during product development stage, and expedite the time for becoming listed company.

Keywords： Social Cognitive Theory, Organizational Culture, Organizational Trust, Information Technology, Knowledge Sharing Behavior, R&D Performance.

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