本論文旨在研製雙相交錯式半橋LLC諧振轉換器，系統前級採用兩組昇壓式功率因數修正轉換器以相移180°方式並聯，以提升功率因數與降低輸入及輸出電流漣波。並藉由浮動輸出電壓機制，使得功率因數修正轉換器之輸出電壓能隨著交流輸入電壓準位變動，藉此降低切換損失。系統後級則由兩組具同步整流之半橋LLC諧振轉換器並聯，利用分相電路使兩組半橋開關錯相90°驅動，降低傳統半橋LLC諧振轉換器輸出電流漣波過大之缺點。並搭配相位管理電路判定是否同時開啟兩組半橋LLC諧振轉換器，亦或是以單組操作，藉以提升輕載效率。文中首先探討電路之架構，並分析動作原理與設計流程。最後實作一輸出功率480W兩級式交流/直流電源轉換器，其輸出規格為12V/40A。在交流輸入電壓115Vrms條件下，整體電路最高效率可達93.59%。

This thesis focuses on the design and implementation of two-phase interleaved half-bridge LLC resonant converter. In the front stage, in order to improve power factor and reduce the input and output current ripple, two boost power factor correction converters are connected in parallel with the 180° phase-shift, and use the variable output voltage technology makes power factor correction converter output voltage with the AC input voltage level changes to reduce the switching losses. In the second stage, two-phase interleaved LLC resonant converter is parallel-connected by two LLC resonant converters with synchronous rectifier in 90° phase-shift drive to reduce the output current ripple, and use the phase management circuit to determine whether to operate the dual LLC resonant converters or a single operation to improve light load efficiency. The first study discusses the structure of the circuit in this thesis, and then analyzes the operation and design processes. Finally, a 480W two-stage AC/DC power converter with output of 12V/40A is implemented. The maximum efficiency of the system can reach up to 93.59% under 115Vrms AC input voltage.

[1] F. C. Lee, “High-frequency quasi-resonant converter technologies,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 377-390, 1988.
[2] P. Caldeira, R. Liu, D. Dalal, and W. J. Gu, “Comparison of EMI performance of PWM and resonant power converters,” in Proc. IEEE PESC, 1993, pp. 134-140.
[3] D. Zhang, D. Y. Chen, and F. C. Lee, “An experimental comparison of conducted EMI emissions between a zero-voltage transition circuit and a hard switching circuit,” in Proc. IEEE PESC, 1996, vol. 2, pp. 1992-1997.
[4] H. Chung, S. Y. R. Hui, and K. K. Tse, “Reduction of power converter EMI emission using soft-switching technique,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 282-287, 1998.
[5] F. C. Lee, “High-Frequency Quasi-resonant and multi-resonant converter technologies,” in Proc. IEEE IECON, 1988, pp. 509-521.
[6] K. H. Liu and F. C. Y. Lee, “Zero-voltage switching technique in DC/DC converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 293-304, 1990.
[7] A. Brambilla, E. Dallago, P. Nora, and G. Sassone, “Study and implementation of a low conduction loss zero-current resonant switch,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 241-250, 1994.
[8] G. Hua and F. C. Lee, “Soft-switching techniques in PWM converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 595-603, 1995.
[9] R. Liu and C. Q. Lee, “Analysis and design of LLC-type series resonant convertor,” IET Electron. Lett., vol. 24, no. 24, pp. 1517-1519, 1988.
[10] J. F. Lazar and R. Martinelli, “Steady-state analysis of the LLC series resonant converter,” in Proc. IEEE APEC, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 728-735.
[11] B. Yang, R. Chen, and F. C. Lee, “Integrated magnetic for LLC resonant converter,” in Proc. IEEE APEC, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 346-351.
[12] R. J. Cheng, Y. G. Yang, and Y. Jiang, “Design of LLC resonant converter with integrated magnetic technology,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Electrical Machines and Systems, 2005, vol. 2, pp. 1351-1355.
[13] K. K. Shyu, C. M. Lai, K. W. Jwo, M. H. Pan, and C. P. Ku, “Using automatic frequency shifting techniques for LLC-SRC output voltage regulation,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Power Electronics and Motion Control, 2006, vol. 3, pp. 1-5.
[14] X. G. Xie, J. M. Zhang, C. Zhao, Z. Zhao, and Z. M. Qian, “Analysis and optimization of LLC resonant converter with a novel over-current protection circuit,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 435-443, 2007.
[15] Y. Fang, D. H. Xu, Y. J. Zhang, F. C. Gao, and L. H. Zhu, “Design of high power density LLC resonant converter with extra wide input range,” in Proc. IEEE APEC, 2007, pp. 976-981.
[16] D. B. Fu, B. Lu, and F. C. Lee, “1MHz high efficiency LLC resonant converters with synchronous rectifier,” in Proc. IEEE PESC, 2007, pp. 2404-2410.
[17] Y. Q. Ye, C. Yan, J. H. Zeng, and J. P. Ying, “A novel light load solution for LLC series resonant converter,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Telecommunications Energy, 2007, pp. 61-65.
[18] S. De Simone, C. Adragna, and C. Spini, “Design guideline for magnetic integration in LLC resonant converters,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, 2008, pp. 950-957.
[19] C. Adragna, S. De Simone, and C. Spini, “Designing LLC resonant converters for optimum efficiency,” in Proc. IEEE Eur. Conf. Power Electronics and Applications, 2009, pp. 1-10.
[20] B. H. Lee, M. Y. Kim, C. E. Kim, K. B. Park, and G. W. Moon, “Analysis of LLC resonant converter considering effects of parasitic components,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Telecommunications Energy, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[21] K. H. Yi and G. W. Moon, “Novel two-phase interleaved LLC series-resonant converter using a phase of the resonant capacitor,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1815-1819, 2009.
[22] B. C. Kim, K. B. Park, C. E. Kim, and G. W. Moon, “Load sharing characteristic of two-phase interleaved LLC resonant converter with parallel and series input structure,” in Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009, pp. 750-753.
[23] B. C. Kim, K. B. Park, and G. W. Moon, “Analysis and design of two-phase interleaved LLC resonant converter considering load sharing,” in Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009, pp. 1141-1144.
[24] M. Kim, “Two-phase interleaved LLC resonant converter with phase shedding control,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Power Electronics, 2010, pp. 1642-1645.
[25] 李嘉猷、陳昱凱、沈紘宇，“具前級相移型功因修正之雙相交錯式LLC半橋諧振轉換器,” 中華民國第三十二屆電力工程研討會論文集，2011年，1877-1881頁。
[26] Y. Suzuki, T. Teshima, I. Sugawara, and A. Takeuchi, “Experimental studies on active and passive PFC circuits,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Telecommunications Energy, 1997, pp. 571-578.
[27] L. Rossetto, G. Spiazzi, and P. Tenti, “Control techniques for power factor correction converters,” in Proc. EPE Conf. Power Electronics and Motion Control, 1994, pp. 1310-1318.
[28] R. Redl and B. P. Erisman, “Reducing distortion in peak-current- controlled boost power-factor correctors,” in Proc. IEEE APEC, 1994, vol. 2, pp. 576-583.
[29] M. Orabi and A. E. Aroudi, “Different frequency instabilities of averaged current controlled boost PFC AC-DC regulators,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Telecommunications Energy, 2006, pp. 1-8.
[30] C. Zhou, R. B. Ridley, and F. C. Lee, “Design and analysis of a hysteretic boost power factor correction circuit,” in Proc. IEEE PESC, 1990, pp. 800-807.
[31] J. S. Lai and D. Chen, “Design consideration for power factor correction boost converter operating at the boundary of continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode,” in Proc. IEEE APEC, 1993, pp. 267-273.
[32] K. H. Liu and Y. L. Lin, “Current waveform distortion in power factor correction circuits employing discontinuous-mode boost converters,” in Proc. IEEE PESC, 1989, vol. 2, pp. 825-829.
[33] R. L. Steigerwald, “A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 174-182, 1988.
[34] B. Yang, “Topology investigation for front end DC/DC power conversion for distributed power system,” Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA, Sep. 2003.
[35] C. H. Chan and M. H. Pong, “Input current analysis of interleaved boost converters operating in discontinuous-inductor-curent mode,” in Proc. IEEE PESC, 1997, vol. 1, pp. 392-398.
[36] T. Ishii and Y. Mizutani, “Power factor correction using interleaving technique for critical mode switching converters,” in Proc. IEEE PESC, 1998, vol. 1, pp. 905-910.
[37] J. Zhu and A. Pratt, “Capacitor ripple current in an interleaved PFC converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1506-1514, 2009.
[38] P. J. Kong, S. Wang, F. C. Lee, and C. Y. Wang, “Common-mode EMI study and reduction technique for the interleaved multichannel PFC converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 2576-2584, 2008.
[39] 徐維利，同步整流式LLC串聯半橋諧振轉換器之研製，國立台灣科技大學電子工程學系碩士論文，2006年。
[40] 謝士弘，LLC半橋串聯諧振式轉換器之設計考量與研製，國立台灣科技大學電子工程學系碩士論文，2007年。
[41] H. Choi, “Analysis and design of LLC resonant converter with integrated transformer,” in Proc. IEEE APEC, 2007, pp. 1630-1635.
[42] 梁成輝，錯相式LLC半橋諧振轉換器之研製，國立成功大學電機工程學系碩士論文，2008年。
[43] D. B. Fu, Y. Liu, F. C. Lee, and M. Xu, “A novel driving scheme for synchronous rectifiers in LLC resonant converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1321-1329, 2009.
[44] D. Wang, L. Jia, J. Z. Fu, Y. F. Liu, and P. C. Sen, “A new driving method for synchronous rectifiers of LLC resonant converter with zero-crossing noise filter,” in Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2010, pp. 249-255.
[45] Fairchild Semiconductor, “Building variable output voltage boost PFC converters with the FAN9612 interleaved BCM PFC controller,” Application Note AN-8021, 2009.
[46] B. Yang, F. C. Lee, and M. Concannon, “Over current protection methods for LLC resonant converter,” in Proc. IEEE APEC, 2003, vol. 2, pp. 605-609.