過去研究指出干擾素調控因子4 (IRF4) 在Toll-like 免疫途徑中扮演負向調控之角色，且作為其他轉錄因子的調控者，協助調節溫度相關之基因表現。因此，IRF4可能為參與溫度壓力調控及病毒誘導之免疫反應的重要因子。在本研究將探討在溫度改變下神經壞死病毒感染之點帶石斑魚干擾素調控因子4 (osgIRF4) 扮演的角色。利用即時聚合酶鏈式反應偵測，在受到poly I:C 刺激後，osgIRF4基因表現量有上升的現象，故其可能在調控病毒感染的免疫路徑中扮演重要的角色。神經壞死病毒感染下導致osgIRF4基因表現量上升。IRF4 抑制干擾素調控抗病毒蛋白如Mx1 進而使NNV病毒感染。除此之外，在高溫的刺激下osgIRF4基因表現量亦有上升的現象，可能透過熱休克轉錄因子調控所致。因此，在高溫的情況下與病毒感染，導致osgIRF4表現量上升，進而抑制第一型干擾素誘導抗病毒免疫反應。

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) has been reported as a negative regulator in Toll-like immune response as well as a vital transcription partner regulates the thermogenic expression. Hence, IRF4 may be an important factor correlates between thermal stress regulation and viral-induce immune response. In this study, the effect of temperature on the regulation of orange-spotted grouper IRF4 in nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infected orange-spotted grouper was investigated. Here, found that the transcript of IRF4 was responsive to viral mimic poly (I:C) stimulation and imply that it may play an crucial role in viral induced-immune responses. The expression of osgIRF4 was upregulated by NNV infection. IRF4 was found negative regulate type I IFN induced antiviral activity such as Mx expression which may help NNV immune escapes further support the NNV infection. Besides, the expression of osgIRF4 elevated during heat shock which may regulate by heat shock factor 1. Therefore, high temperature exposure and virus infection-induced upregulation of IRF4 suppresses type I IFN antiviral innate immune responses.

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