因應全球電力需求增長與環保意識抬頭，再生能源發電併入電網的現象與日漸增。然而，再生能源的發電功率受天候影響甚鉅，難以確保穩定輸出，故而增加系統調度者維持供需平衡的困難度。因此，隨著再生能源的占比日益增加，未來除了傳統發電機組的自動發電控制功能外，可能需要更多且更即時的資源用於調節頻率。
本文提出一個應用儲能系統參與輔助服務調頻市場之裝置容量最佳化方法與其最佳運轉策略，除配合時間電價降低系統尖離峰差外，亦整合虛擬同步發電機控制以提供即時頻率調節服務。本文所提方法改良傳統儲能容量規劃雙迴圈演算法架構，可大幅節省運算資源，惟同時亦使得最佳化問題複雜度增加，因此本文採用電子飄移演算法求解所提之最佳化問題，結果顯示確可有效改善求解的品質與速度。
為驗證所提方法之可行性，本文分別建構IEEE 30-bus測試系統與一實際微電網模型，並藉DigSILENT Powerfactory電力系統模擬軟體進行動態分析，同時納入實際太陽能發電與美國PJM電力市場之負載及輔助服務資料以評估其成本效益。本文中除立於建置儲能系統之業者角度考慮其收益外，也站在輸配電業的立場比較高佔比再生能源所需額外付出之調頻輔助服務成本，模擬結果顯示本文提供一個具足夠誘因的商業模式，以促進業者投資儲能系統，不僅可望帶來經濟效益，亦得以有效強化電網的強健性，以利於容納更多的再生能源併入市電。

In response to the growing global power demand and rising environmental awareness, the integration of renewable energy (RE) resources into the grid is becoming increasingly common. However, the output power of RE is unstable, as it strongly depends on the weather conditions; this increases the difficulties for the system operator (SO) to maintain the system frequency via the balance between supply and demand. Thus, given the ever increasing penetration of RE, besides the automatic generation control (AGC) of the synchronous generators, other immediate resources should be considered to adjust the frequency.
This thesis proposes an optimal sizing and operation strategy for a battery energy storage system (BESS) participating in the ancillary service (AS) market, not only considering the time-of-use (TOU) tariff, which is used to reduce the peak load of the system, but also integrating a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) to provide an instantaneous frequency regulation service. The method proposed in this thesis improves the dual-stage architecture of BESS capacity planning, saving considerable computational resources; however, the resulting complexity of the optimization problem increases. Therefore, the Electron Drifting Algorithm (eDA) is adopted to solve the proposed optimization problem. The results show that the quality of the solution can be effectively improved in comparison with other algorithms.
To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, this thesis builds the IEEE 30-bus test system and a practical micro-grid for dynamic analysis by using the power system simulation software PowerFactory DIgSILENT. Simultaneously, realistic photovoltaic (PV) power generation data, load profiles and AS data of PJM electricity market in USA are included to assess its cost-effectiveness. Moreover, this thesis considers not only the point of view of BESS investors and their benefits, but also that of the transmission and distribution (T&D) industry in terms of the cost of additional frequency regulation in high RE-penetration system. The simulation results show that this thesis provides a business model with sufficient incentives to promote investments in BESS, not only yielding economic benefits, but also effectively increasing the robustness of the grid and further accommodating the implementation of additional RE.

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