本論文探討一個獨立再生能源發電/儲能系統連接至獨立負載之頻率-負載控制，文中所提出的發電系統包含風力發電機、波浪能發電機、柴油發電機、燃料電池與太陽能發電系統等，儲能系統則包含蓄電池儲能系統、飛輪儲能系統與壓縮空氣儲能系統等。本論文中亦研究一個新型混合海洋能之再生能源發電/儲能系統，並經由直流高壓傳輸線連接至獨立負載，該發電系統包含離岸型風力發電系統與波浪能發電系統，可分別自海風與海洋中擷取風能與波浪能。在海洋發電系統中除了風力發電機與波浪發電機之外，亦使用柴油發電機與電解器，該電解器可由風力發電機與波浪發電系統中吸收部份能量來製造氫氣，以提供足夠的氫氣給燃料電池。而從本論文所提出獨立再生能源發電/儲能系統連接至獨立負載的模擬結果，可看出此發電系統與儲能系統之功率與頻率可達到平衡之條件。
燃料電池於獨立再生能源發電/儲能系統中扮演一個將化學能轉換成電能之重要角色，若與其他一般發電系統比較，燃料電池具有較高的運轉效率、較低的污染氣體排放、模組易於建構等優點。燃料電池除了可連接於電網外，亦可裝置於偏遠地方提供功率給獨立負載使用。在本論文中，亦分析燃料電池之穩態與動態數學模型，及使用直流-直流轉換器與直流-交流換流器連接於燃料電池輸出端，俾穩定燃料電池因不同的負載所引起之輸出電壓與電流變動問題。

The load-frequency control of an autonomous hybrid renewable-energy power generation/energy storage system (PG/ESS) that connected to isolated loads is proposed in this dissertation. The proposed renewable-energy PG subsystems include wind-turbine generators (WTGs), wave-energy turbine generators (WETGs), diesel-engine generator (DEG), fuel cells (FCs), and photovoltaic system (PV) while the energy storage subsystems consist of a battery energy storage system (BESS), flywheel energy storage system (FESS), and compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. This dissertation also studies a novel marine hybrid renewable-energy PG/ESS feeding isolated loads through an high-voltage direct current (HVDC) link. The studied marine PG subsystems comprise both offshore wind turbines and Wells turbines to capture wind energy and wave energy from sea wind and ocean wave, respectively. In addition to WTGs and wave-energy turbine generators (WETGs) employed in the studied marine hybrid system, DEGs and an aqua electrolyzer (AE) absorbing a part of generated energy from WTGs and WETGs to generate available hydrogen for FCs are also included in the PG subsystems. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid PG/ESS feeding isolated loads can be properly operated to achieve system power-frequency balance condition.
FCs have played an important role in the renewable-energy PG/ESS and they are static energy conversion devices that convert the chemical energy of fuel to electrical energy directly. Comparing with conventional PG systems, FCs have many advantages over conventional generators such as higher efficiency, lower emission of pollutant gases, flexible modular structures, etc. FCs can either be connected to a utility grid for network reinforcement or installed in a remote area to supply power for stand-alone loads. In this dissertation, mathematical models for the analysis of both dynamic and steady-state characteristics of FCs are also presented. A DC-to-DC converter and a PWM DC-to-AC inverter are connected to the output terminals of the studied FC for stabilizing output voltage-current fluctuations under different loading conditions.

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