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研究生： 蔡欣穎
Tsai, Shin-Ying
論文名稱： 以地方創生觀點探討低碳旅遊之共創網絡－屏東琉球鄉為例
Exploring the Co-creation Network of Low-carbon Tourism from the Perspective of Regional Revitalization－A Case Study of Liuqiu Township, Pingtung
指導教授： 楊佳翰
Yang, Chia-Han
仲曉玲
Chung, Hsiao-Ling
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所
Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年： 2020
畢業學年度： 108
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 148
中文關鍵詞： 小琉球 、地方創生 、低碳旅遊 、共創網絡 、永續力 、永續發展
外文關鍵詞： Liuqiu, Regional Revitalization, Low-carbon Tourism, Co-creation Network, Sustainability, Sustainable Development
相關次數： 點閱：210  下載：2 
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    • 　　在現今旅遊業當中，低碳旅遊已然成為一種新興且有助於永續的旅遊模式，且廣泛受到各界的矚目。低碳旅遊的研究者常指出，低碳旅遊是旅遊業實現永續的基礎，且對於地方上的發展有其一定的影響力，而這也呼應了台灣近年興起討論的地方創生，其共通性在於實現永續發展。屏東縣琉球鄉作為台灣唯一的珊瑚礁離島，吸引遊客的同時也對島上的生態環境帶來嚴重的負擔，而低碳旅遊作為小琉球之新興旅遊模式，成為平衡旅遊業及生態的途徑之一。然而低碳旅遊與地方創生之關係的實徵研究仍相當缺乏，因此本研究欲探究從旅遊業到地方創生中的地產人之發展，探討實現永續發展之可能性，小琉球作為低碳旅遊之示範島，提供一個很適合的場域。
    　　基於上述背景，本研究透過研析利害關係人的共創網絡，藉此探討從低碳旅遊到實現地方創生的適宜性，並探索實現永續發展的可能。本研究以單一個案研究，使用多元之方法包含專家訪談、對利害關係人之半結構式深度訪談以及針對遊客及在地人之線上問卷作為研究方法。研究結果顯示小琉球的利害關係人一致認同低碳旅遊可以成為該地區實現地方創生的特色，並得出以下結論：（一）儘管地方利害關係人對內存在活絡的網絡及合作關係；然而因缺乏治理及整合之角色，使現今網絡片面且脆弱；（二）使利害關係人之共創網絡朝向永續，除了各方的配合之外，需要有一個可供交換及溝通的平台或機制；以及（三）小琉球之地方創生不再是關乎人口相關問題，而是更加關注於將永續之概念傳達給遊客及當地居民。總結而言，此研究希望能作為研究地方創生管理與合作網絡的指南，地方上的利害關係人也可藉此進一步了解小琉球目前的狀況是如何影響其邁向永續發展，本研究也就資料分析得出對於小琉球未來的發展進行建議。

    In tourism industry nowadays, low-carbon tourism has become an emerging and sustainable tourism model, and has attracted wide attention from all walks of life. Researchers of low-carbon tourism have often suggested that low-carbon tourism is the foundation of tourism industry to reach sustainability and has certain influence on local development. This also echoes the regional revitalization that has been discussed in Taiwan in recent years, the final goal of which is to achieve sustainable development. However, research which has empirically documented the link between low-carbon tourism and regional revitalization is scant. Thus, the network of stakeholders’ co-creation was utilized to examine the suitability from low-carbon tourism to regional revitalization and to explore the possibility of achieving sustainable development. This research took Liuqiu, an off-shore island and a township in Pingtung County of Taiwan, as a case study, involving an expert’s interview, semi-structured in-depth interviews and two online questionnaires.
    Results revealed that the stakeholders in Liuqiu agreed that low-carbon tourism can become the feature to achieve regional revitalization in this region. This research concluded: (a) There are dynamic networks and cooperation among the stakeholders and even the related population; however, due to the lack of governance and integration, the current network is one-sided and fragile; (b) To make the co-creation network of stakeholders towards sustainability, in addition to the cooperation of all parties, there needs to be a platform or mechanism for exchange and communication; and (c) The implementation of regional revitalization in the developed Liuqiu is no longer about the population issues, but is more focused on conveying the concept of sustainable development to the visitors and local residents. To conclude, the research findings may serve as a guide for further research on management and cooperation networks of regional revitalization, as well as providing the local stakeholders with a better understanding of how current implications of Liuqiu relate to sustainable development.

    摘要...................................................I Abstract...............................................II Table of Contents......................................VI List of Figures........................................IX List of Tables.........................................XI CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION...............................1 1.1 Research Background................................1 1.2 Research Motivation................................4 1.3 Research Objectives and Questions..................7 1.4 Key Terminology and Concepts.......................8 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW..........................9 2.1 Low-carbon Tourism: Benefits, Development, and Stakeholders...........................................9 2.1.1 Low-carbon Tourism Development: Definition and Benefits...............................................9 2.1.2 The Development of Low-carbon Tourism: From Low-carbon tourism, Eco-tourism to Sustainable tourism.....12 2.1.3 The Significance of Low-carbon Tourism: Current Status in Taiwan.......................................14 2.1.4 The Stakeholders within Low-carbon Tourism.......19 2.2 Co-creation Network in Tourism Industry............21 2.2.1 Definition of Co-creation........................21 2.2.2 Development of Co-creation: From Value Co-creation to Co-creation Network.................................22 2.2.3 Co-creation Network in the Tourism Industry......24 2.2.4 The Concept of Co-creation in Sustainability.....26 2.3 Regional Revitalization and Current Situation in Taiwan.................................................26 2.3.1 Overview of Regional Revitalization: Background and Definition from Japan..................................26 2.3.2 Current Status of Regional Revitalization: From Japan to Taiwan........................................30 2.3.3 Development of Regional Revitalization: From Community Empowerment to Regional Revitalization.......34 2.4 Summary............................................37 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS.................39 3.1 Case Introduction: Liuqiu Township.................39 3.2 Research Design....................................41 3.3 Research Methods...................................44 3.3.1 Case Study.......................................44 3.3.2 Semi-structured In-depth Interview...............45 3.3.3 Expert Interview.................................46 3.3.4 Questionnaire....................................46 3.4 Data Collection and Analysis.......................48 3.4.1 Data Selection and Collection....................48 3.4.2 Data Analysis: Thematic Analysis.................50 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS...............................51 4.1 Research Concepts from the Insiders’ Viewpoint.....51 4.1.1 Uniqueness of Liuqiu within Taiwan...............54 4.1.2 Low-carbon Tourism as a Co-creation Network to Promote Sustainability.................................56 4.1.3 Stakeholders in the Implementation of Low-carbon Tourism in Liuqiu......................................63 4.1.4 Pivotal characters in the Stakeholders’ Co-creation Network................................................69 4.1.5 Current Challenge and Suggestions................72 4.2 The Bridge to Regional Revitalization: An Expert’s Viewpoint..............................................73 4.2.1 Stakeholders’ Roles..............................75 4.2.2 Define the Problem...............................76 4.2.3 Establishing a Platform for co-creation..........77 4.2.4 Sustainability as a Characteristic of Tourism....78 4.3 Verifying Emerging Issues: Questionnaires with Tourists and Local Residents...........................80 4.3.1 Tourists’ Behavior and Viewpoints on Low-carbon Tourism................................................80 4.3.2 Tourists’ High Recognition of Low-carbon Tourism in Liuqiu.................................................83 4.3.3 Local Residents’ Viewpoints on Low-carbon Tourism and Current Condition..................................87 4.3.4 Local Opinions from the Perspective of Regional Revitalization.........................................90 4.4 Heading to Regional Revitalization.................95 4.4.1 The Revitalization of Liuqiu.....................96 4.4.2 Stakeholders’ Issues Arising from the Previous Data...................................................100 4.4.3 The Future Development and Blueprint of Liuqiu...105 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION...................107 5.1 Discussions on Research Questions..................107 5.1.1 Representation and Improvements of Liuqiu........108 5.1.2 The Dynamic but Fragile Co-creation Network in Liuqiu.................................................110 5.1.3 Future Suggestion for Regional Revitalization in Liuqiu.................................................114 5.2 Theoretical Implications...........................119 5.3 Research Limitation and Suggestion.................120 5.4 Conclusion.........................................121 REFERENCES.............................................123 APPENDIX...............................................129

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