| 研究生: |
許夙君 HSU, SU-CHUN |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
從臨床治理觀點探討醫學中心病人安全的風險因素 Risk Factors of Patient Safety in Medical Center- From the Point of View of Clinical Governance |
| 指導教授: |
張有恆
CHANG, YU-HERN 李茂雄 LEE, MAW-SHYONG |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA) Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) |
| 論文出版年: | 2006 |
| 畢業學年度: | 94 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 120 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 乳酪理論 、風險管理 、病人安全 、醫療錯誤 、臨床治理 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Cheese Theory, risk management, Clinical Governance, medical error, patient safety |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:161 下載:10 |
| 分享至: |
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經由美國「哈佛實證研究」(1986)暨「IOM調查報告」(2000)二份研究調查結論,醫療是高風險的行業,「哈佛研究」指出3.7%的住院病人受到醫療傷害,且約76%是可避免的;「IOM報告」更指出美國每年因醫療錯誤而死亡的人數約為44,000人-98,000人,且53%-58%的醫療傷害是可避免的,正因其嚴重性與重要性,「病人安全」的提昇刻不容緩,且應是國家層次的課題。「IOM報告」認為醫療失誤是系統性、管理上的因素(非僅人為失誤),並主張應向飛航業學習。
本研究植基於「IOM報告」之調查結論,爰採用飛安之乳酪理論建立研究雛型,復依醫療業之特性,且參酌21世紀醫病互動新思維的「臨床治理」概念:導入病人參與,建構更完整週延的研究模式PAPSO,從「病人參與」、「不安全的人為操作」、「不安全行為的前兆」、「不安全的監督管理」、「組織影響力」五個構面探討組織層級暨管理系統上的病人安全風險因素,各構面風險因素總計52項係彙整自國內外相關文獻(含飛航安全、醫療安全)、評鑑指標等。從風險管理觀點,惟有全面性找出風險因素,才可望經由風險辨識、風險評估進而回應風險、控管風險,發揮預應式的風險管理,病人安全的努力行動正應展現此種「預防勝於治療」之作法。
本研究探討影響醫學中心病人安全的構面暨主要風險因素,並進行權重排序,基於實用價值,進而分析主要風險因素的改善可行性,且就主要風險因素的重要性暨可行性二者加以整合群組分類,建立政策定位圖,提供主事者制定病人安全策略暨推動病人安全工作之參考。
各構面權重排序為: 不安全的人為操作病人參與不安全的監督管理不安全行為的前兆組織影響力。其中「病人參與」構面獲全體專家評定為第二序位,印證本研究觀點之正確性。
主要風險因素(52項萃取前12名)之權重排序為:人員的執行方法不當、執行工作違反指示規定或標準化、人員對病人安全認知不足、病人對醫療有疑問時未能及時表達意見、人員的人力不足、醫療人員互動間的溝通不良、法令規章:欠缺病人安全的工作程序與作業規範、標準化:系統設計或作業流程欠缺標準化、高階主管的理念:高階主管對於病人安全的決心不足或作法不落實、醫病雙方溝通不足、○藥品安全:對應提高警覺使用的藥物欠缺規範暨管理、○醫師工作時間太長、休息不足。
依主要風險因素之重要性暨可行性二者彙整而成政策定位圖,計分四群優先辦理組重點規劃組彈性整合組長期行動組,在病人安全的策略暨改善行動上,若基於成本效益或資源分配的最適化而必須有輕重緩急之考量,則建議就各群組之回應依序為立即行動、值得行動、謀定後動、長期行動四類。
Based on the research results of 2 studies,” Harvard Medical Practice Study”(1986) and “ IOM Investigation Report-To Err Is Human”(2000), Medical industry is a high risk industry.
According to “ Harvard Study”, 3.7% hospitalized patients suffer from medical injury, and 76% of it are avoidable . “ IOM Report” mentioned, the annual death result from medical error in the United States is approximately 44,000 to 98,000. people, among these, 53% to 58% are avoidable. Because of the severity and importance of this issue, the improvement of “ patient safety “ is urgent and must be raised to national priority. According to the IOM report, medical errors are systemic management factors ( not limited to individual error), should consider learning from aviation industry.
This study is based on the conclusion of the research of “ IOM Report”, and utilizing the “cheese theory” which had been used in the aviation safety to build up the primordial model of this research , also take the characteristics of medical industry into consideration. Referring to the 21st century new concept of clinical governance to get patients involved, we construct a more comprehensive study model PAPSO, taking “ Patient involvement”, “ unsafe Act”,” Preconditioning of unsafe act”, “unsafe Supervision” and “ Organizational influence” as five dimension to investigate the risk factors of patient safety from the point of view of organization level and management system. There are 52 items used as evaluation index which are accumulated and organized from all the references available(including aviation safety and medical safety related articles ). From the point of view of risk management, by finding out all the risk factors in every aspect is the only way to be bale to identify risk, evaluate risk, further more to respond to risk , control risk , and finally achieve the goal of preventive risk management. all the endeavors for patient safety purpose should prove the concept of “ Prevention is better than Treatment”.
The orders of risk factors (selections of the first 12 items in 52 items) :
1. misconduct of operation method. 2. Operations violate the instructions or standards. 3.lack of knowledge of patient safety. 4. patients unable to bring up the questions or express the opinions when there is doubt . 5. lack of manpower 6. miscommunication between health care providers 7. lack of regulation of standard procedures for patient safety 8. lack of standardization of operation procedures or systemic design 9. concept of lack of determination or ability to put into act about patient safety. 10. miscommunication between health care provider and patients 11. lack of regulation and management about high alert category medication 12. Long working hours and not enough rest of doctors.
This study investigates the risk factors in all the five dimensions which affect the patient safety of Medical Centers, and prioritizes their orders, according to the practical value , analyzes the possibilities of making improvement in managing major risk factors. By integrating ,categorizing and grouping the importance and possibility of major risk factors, come up with the strategy mapping , provide recommendations for those who are in charge of the strategy making or promotion of patient safety to refer to.
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三、相關網頁(網路資料)
1、美國 National Patient Safety Foundation
網址:www.npsf.org
2、英國National Patient Safety Agency
網址:www.npsa.uk
3、澳洲Australia Patient Safety Foundation
網址:research@npsf.net.an
4、美國Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
網址:www.jcaho.org
5、英國National Healthcare System
網址:www.nhs.uk
6、中華民國衛生署
網址:www.doh.gov.tw
7、財團法人醫院評鑑暨醫療品質策進會
網址:www.ticha.org.tw