到院前救護之反應時間的長短影響患者之預後甚巨。然而在救護資源有限的情形下，如何妥善的分配資源數量及區位，以兼顧品質與成本效益，為規劃緊急醫療救護系統重要的課題。本研究針對緊急醫療救護系統資源配置問題，研擬各種救護車數量與區位配置之替選方案，以求系統之最佳化。
　　為評估替選方案之績效，本研究以台南市緊急醫療救護系統為對象，分析其系統運作與各種時間、空間上的特性，利用Visual C++程式語言建構一模擬模式，作為實驗之平台；而後依據各時段之救護案件發生地點及不同方案之救護車數量組合，以點型態群集分析方法，計算其群集中心點，設定為救護車之駐點，進行模擬，並對模擬結果之反應時間及救護車利用率加以分析，以評估各種方案之績效。
　　經替選方案之績效分析，整體反應時間以方案1表現最佳；而反應時間在可接受範圍內，則利用率以方案2最高；經兩項指標綜合評估，方案6之反應時間及利用率可達到平衡，故本研究認為方案6為最佳之方案。
　　此外，當救護案件數量增加率達到現有數量的45 %～50 %時，現有救護資源將無法負荷，導致反應時間在8分鐘內的案件比例低於90 %，必須增加服勤之救護車數量，以維持系統品質。
　　經由方案模擬及績效分析，證實依案件之空間分佈，重新配置救護車，確可改善系統之反應時間及利用率的表現。而目前之救護案件數量，現有之救護資源亦足以負荷，不宜再增加服勤之救護車數量，以避免資源的浪費。

　　The duration of response time affects the patients’ prognosis significantly, and how to allocate the finite EMS resources appropriately to give consideration to both quality and cost-effectiveness is an important issue in planning EMSS. The research focused on EMS resource allocation drafted alternatives to various ambulance number and locations for systematic optimization.
　　In order to evaluate the performance of alternatives, this research established an EMS computer simulation model using Visual C++ language as experiment platform. Using data from Tainan City EMSS prehospital care records, the study analyzed characteristics of systematic operations, call arrival time and spatial distribution for model input. According to case locations of every period and ambulance number of alternatives, the study relocated ambulances at the centroid of clusters computing by point pattern clustering analysis. And then the research evaluated alternative effectiveness with the simulating output in response time and utilization ratio.
　　Based on effectiveness analysis, alternative 1 was best in whole performance of response time, and alternative 2 had the highest utilization ratio within the acceptable response time level. In accordance with evaluation of both sides, alternative 6 could balance the performance of response time and utilization ratio, so the study took it as the optimal one.
In addition, when the increase rate of calls reaches 45 to 50 % of the present that will be over the load of present EMS resources, and the proportion of cases whose response time within 8 minutes will be less than 90 %. The number of ambulances on duty must be added in order to maintain systematic quality.
　　After simulation of alternatives and analysis of effectiveness, it verified that redeploying ambulances depending on spatial distribution of cases can really improve the systematic performance of response time and utilization ratio. As for the present call number, EMS resources now are enough to deal with so that those should not increase in order to avoid the waste.

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