本文在已知臺灣上市公司(1995~2001年)淨遞延所得稅為資產，美國上市公司(1992~1994年)淨遞延所得稅為負債的基礎上，探討在2008年時，臺灣上市公司的財務報表是否仍為如此？本研究將公司年報附註中，對遞延所得稅資產及負債項目揭露的頻率及金額之顯著性，分別將遞延所得稅資產及負債組成因子分成21個及12個項目。實證結果顯示：
一、在2008年時，臺灣上市公司的遞延所得稅資產(不論有無減除備抵評價金額)仍然大於遞延所得稅負債。
二、21種遞延所得稅資產組成因子中，以「投資抵減」所佔比例最高，其次為「虧損扣抵」；而「投資抵減」及「虧損扣抵」項目中，皆以「電子工業」最大。
三、12種遞延所得稅負債組成因子中，以「權益法認列之長投利益」所佔比例最高，其次為「其他投資利益」，而「權益法認列之長投利益」項目中，又以「電子工業」最大，「其他投資利益」項目中，則以「航運業」最大。
電子工業的投資抵減及虧損扣抵最多的原因，係政府為發展經濟，採取某些租稅優惠措施，以鼓勵企業從事特定產業或特定功能活動之投資，如五年免稅及投資抵減等租稅優惠。而這些租稅優惠措施，多數集中於少數的企業，不僅造成了產業間不公平的現象，也扭曲經濟資源之配置，更使我國的賦稅制度作為經濟景氣調節的功能遭受嚴重的損害，導致政府財政收支失衡。

Basing on knowing the net deferred tax of Taiwanese listed companies(1995~2001) were assets, and the net deferred tax of American listed companies(1992~1994) were liabilities , this paper discusses whether the financial statements of Taiwanese listed companies in 2008 still have the same conclusion？ This study distinguishes deferred tax assets and liabilities from annual report’s footnotes into 21 and 12 separated items based on the frequency and monetary significance of disclosure items. The empirical results show that：
1. In 2008, the deferred tax assets of Taiwanese listed companies (no matter the valuation allowance is deducted or not) are still larger than deferred tax liabilities.
2. The “investment tax credits” has the largest percentage among 21 deferred tax assets items, and the second is “loss carryforwards.” Electronic industry owns the largest percentage in either “investment tax credits” or “loss carryforwards.”
3. The “long-term investment gains with equity method” has the largest percentage among 12 deferred tax liabilities, and the second is “gains from other investment.” Electronic industry owns the largest percentage of the “long-term investment gains with equity method,” and shipping industry owns the largest percentage of the “gains from other investment.”
The reason of electronic industry owns the most of investment tax credits and loss carry forwards is that the government adopts certain tax preference measures, such as five-year exemption from profit-seeking enterprise income tax and investment tax credits, in favor of economy development. The benefit of the tax preference measures mostly concentrated on the minority enterprises. This situation not only causes the unfairness among industries, but also twists the allocation of economic resources. It makes the taxation system’s auto-adjust function for economic conditions seriously damaged, and the government financial revenue and expenditure unbalanced.

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