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研究生：	陳冠維 Chen, Kuan-Wei
論文名稱：	有限元素-解析解法-SPICE共模擬之機電耦合系統應用於高功率密度壓電獵能模組最佳化設計 Co-Simulation of FEM-Analytic Method-SPICE for Electromechanical Coupling Systems Applying to Optimal Design of High-Power Density Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Modules
指導教授：	楊慶隆 Yang, Chin-Lung
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2018
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	104
中文關鍵詞：	壓電獵能模組、機電耦合、有限元素法、最佳化設計、集總元件、SPICE計算、機電耦合演算法、暫態壓電力學分析
外文關鍵詞：	Piezoelectric energy harvester, Mechatronics Coupling, Finite element methods, Optimization designing, Lumped modeling, SPICE simulator, Mechatronics Coupling algorithms, Transient piezoelectric mechanics analysis
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本論文根據壓電力學理論、機電整合概念，以及機電耦合方法，提出一個針對壓電獵能系統模擬。此論文設計並提出了一個新穎的高效率壓電獵能方式及其模組，並針對磁鐵引致振動方式，將能量導入暫態敲擊之頻率上升轉換(Frequency up Conversion)模組，達到單次擊發能量189微焦耳之能量。研究中所使用的免電池獵能技術包含上述所提及: 高效率壓電獵能模組，及本研究中所開發之壓電獵能電路及晶片。根據獵能效果調整後，開發機電耦合中機械部分之有限元素方法的模擬，此一模擬分為單自由度及多自由度規劃，研究人員可以依計算時間及精準度的要求選用適合的方案。研究中後端儲能電路部分，針對暫態獵能模組之電路，提出一個以三模態峰值切換之切換電感電路，做為交直流轉換器(AC-DC Convertor)整流電路，並且藉由後端市售低功耗晶片及高增益值天線發射訊號。
研究中電路與機械個別測試過程，三模態機體晶片電路部分最高轉換效率可以達到92%，而離散電路部分(SECE)最高轉換效率達到70%。機械部分最大能量產生189微焦耳，單次擊發產生最大電壓約為100伏特。
過去壓電獵能器大多是使用基源激發震盪(Base Excitation)，利用穩態震盪的方式，獵取周遭能量，本論文因應自行所設計之單次觸發的高效能獵能模組，提出一模擬方式精準預測暫態震動於極短時間內所產生之能量，在此也提出一個利用薄膜樑理論(Thin-Beam-Theory)之數值方法，分析高效率壓電獵能方式，提出一個簡單的單自由度模型，於後端可以輸入初始激發之加速度，並預測所產生之電壓及電能。
根據需求，本論文於第四章提出一結合有限元素方法，以多自由度之有限元素方法規劃，分析過程解析出可耦合項次與壓電參數。參數分別為K、M、α、β等四個多維度立方矩陣。針對單自由度部分，單一模態作為獵能效果之評估，此一方式大幅降低計算時間，不失精準度；而多自由度部分，根據數值理論萃取四種參數矩陣，並計算各矩陣之特徵值，代入壓電耦合方程式後，以基本模態做為獵取最大能量之評估，或針對高階模態進行獵能電路敲擊過大時，高階模態之影響。於有限元素方法中，元素數量增加，越趨近於真實機械性質表現狀態，模擬精準度增加，而在本論文中校正後精確性也提升。
針對非線性電路模擬，以及非線性機械振動機電共模擬部分，本研究提出完全分析機電耦合性質模擬方法，而此共模擬系統(Co-Simulation of Mechanical And Electrical System and Mixed FEM-Analytic Method-SPICE for Electromechanical Coupling Systems)是在電路與機械數值計算間進行交互迭代機制。本研究提出單一自由度(S-DOF)線性機械振動、高階線性機械振動模擬與SPICE軟體整合、單一自由度非線性振動模擬與SPICE整合，三種共模擬計算方式進行討論。根據目前機電整合下，多自由模態力分布及評估方式，以及後端非線性電路諸如:電感式同步切換電路 (SSHI)、同步切換共振式電荷萃取電路(SECE)，無法分析壓電電能瞬間抽取所造成之慣性力隻影響，此種快速切換的非線性電路，會觸發高階模態振動，以及為解決無法同時分析與模擬非線性機械系統與非線性電路間真實情況，此一模擬計算之困境。綜規以上，本研究提出共模擬方式以解決之。

In this dissertation, a simulation for the piezoelectric energy harvesting system is proposed which is based on piezoelectric mechanics theory, electromechanical integration concept and electromechanical coupling method. We designed and put forward a novel high-efficiency piezoelectric harvesting mode and its module. According to the magnet resulted in the vibration, the energy is introduced into the frequency up-conversion module of the transient tapping to achieve single firing energy of 189 microjoules.The battery-free harvesting technology used in the study contains the above mentioned - a high-efficiency piezoelectric energy harvesting module and the piezoelectric harvesting circuits and wafers developed. On the basis of a high-efficiency piezoelectric harvesting module which we designed to develop a simulation of the finite element method for mechanical parts in the electromechanical coupling. This simulation is divided into a single degree of freedom and multidegree of freedom planning. Researchers can choose the appropriate solution according to the calculation time and accuracy requirements. In the research, the part of the back-end energy storage for the circuit of the transient harvesting module, a switch-Inductor circuit with triplet mode switching as the AC-DC Convertor rectifier circuit is proposed. And the signal is transmitted by a low-power chip and a high-gain-value antenna that are commercially available at the back end.
The individual testing processes of a circuit and mechanical in the research, the maximum conversion efficiency of the circuit part of the three-mode body chip can reach 92%, and the maximum conversion efficiency of the discrete circuit (SECE) part reaches 70%. The maximum energy of the mechanical part produces 189 microjoules, and a single shot produces a maximum voltage of about 100 volts.
The finite element method of single degree of freedom or multiple degrees of freedom, combined with the numerical method of Thin-Beam-Theory is used to analyze the high-efficiency piezoelectric harvesting energy mode. The coupling term and the piezoelectric parameters are analyzed in the analytic process. The parameters are four multi-dimensional cubic matrices such as K, M, α, and β. For the single degree of freedom part, the single mode is used as an evaluation of the harvesting effect. This method greatly reduces the calculation time without losing the accuracy. In the multi-degree of freedom part, the four parameter matrices are extracted according to the numerical theory, and the eigenvalues of each matrix are calculated. After substituting eigenvalues into the piezoelectric coupling equation, the basic mode is used as the evaluation of the maximum energy for harvesting, or the effect of higher mode when the circuit is too large in harvesting for the higher mode. In the finite element analytic method, when the number of elements increases, the mechanical property is closer to reality. The accuracy of the simulation increases after correcting accuracy in this paper.
In the last part of this dissertation, a co-simulation system was present as an iterative media between the electrical part and mechanical part. This co-simulation system is proposed to solve the nonlinear-circuit simulation and the nonlinear-mechanic simulation. This co-simulation system (Co-Simulation of Mechanical And Electrical System and Mixed FEM-Analytic Method-SPICE for Electromechanical Coupling Systems) is an iterative box which can do the simulation between two simulators. Furthermore, the this study proposes a simulation method of the complete analysis of electromechanical coupling property. This co-simulation system (the hybrid finite element analysis method of electromechanical coupling system - SPICE) is interactive iteration between circuit numerical calculation and numerical calculation.

摘要	I
ABSTRACT	III
誌謝	VI
CONTENT	VIII
LIST OF TABLES	XI
LIST OF FIGURES	XII
NOMENCLATURE	XVI
ABBREVIATIONS	XIX
CHAPTER 1	INTRODUCTION	1
1	Foreword	1
1.1	An Introduction to Green Power Devices	1
1.2	The Piezoelectric Effect	2
1.3	The Symbolic Descriptions of Piezoelectric Effect	3
2	Overview of the Literature	5
2.1	Review of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester	5
2.2	The Transient Frequency up Conversion Energy Harvester	6
2.3	The Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Modeling and SPICE Simulation	8
3	Research Objective and Motivation	9
4	Organization of Chapters	10
CHAPTER 2	THE DISTRIBUTED AND CONTINUUM MODAL LUMPED MODELING OF PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL AND ENERGY HARVESTER AND ITS’ COUPLING TYPES	12
1	Introduction	12
2	Modeling of the Piezoelectric Material Based on Transient Dynamics	13
2.1	The Base Excitation Mechanical Part Models (Uncoupled Modeling)	13
2.2	A Discussion of Electrical Part in the Modal Coupling Lumped Model	25
2.3	Strict-Uncoupled or Unilateral Coupled (Quasi-coupled) Modeling in Piezoelectric Materials	25
3	Lumped Piezoelectric Energy Harvester and Generator	27
4	Conclusion	30
CHAPTER 3	THE SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM METHODS COUPLING MODEL OF PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL AND ENERGY HARVESTER	31
1	Introduction	31
2	Dynamics Analysis and Electromechanical Modeling of the PEH	31
2.1	The PEH Working Principle	32
2.2	Equation of Motion	33
2.3	Equation of Circuit	39
2.4	Calculations of Natural Frequency and Harvested Energy	39
3	Numerical Results and Parametrics Studies	40
3.1	Effect of the External Load R	41
3.2	Effect of Size Parameters	42
4	Fabrication and Experiment Setup	47
4.1	Materials and fabrication	47
4.2	Experimental Setup and Measurement Systems	48
5	Measurement Result and Discussion	49
5.1	Transient Response in Time Domain	49
5.2	Output Voltage and Energy for Various Resistance	51
5.3	The System architecture of proposed piezoelectric energy-harvesting transmitter	52
6	The High Gain Antenna Design and Fabrication	55
7	Conclusion	55
CHAPTER 4	THE MIXED FEM-ANALYTIC-SOLUTION METHODS COUPLING MODEL OF PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL AND ENERGY HARVESTER	58
1	Introduction	58
2	The Design of Mixed FEM-Exact-solution Methods Working Principle	58
3	Dynamic Analysis and Electromechanical Modeling of the PEH	60
3.1	The Beam Modeling	60
3.2	Approaching Velocity before Impact	61
3.3	Derivation of the Equations of Motion after Impact	63
3.4	Equation of circuit	67
3.5	Solving the Governing Equations	68
4	Numerical Results and Parametric Study	68
4.1	Time elapsed and the approaching velocity before impact	70
4.2	Transient Responses	72
5	Fabrication, Experimental Setup and Comparisons between Experimental and Numerical Results	73
5.1	Prototype Fabrication	73
5.2	Experimental Setup	74
5.3	Measurements and Comparisons to the Numerical Results	75
5.4	Comparisons of this Work to the Prior Arts	81
6	Energy Storage Circuit	82
7	Conclusion	85
CHAPTER 5	PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTER SIMULATION WITH THE SPICE AND TRANSIENT RESPONSE SIMULATIONS	86
1	Introduction	86
2	A Basic introduction of SPICE Tools	86
3	The Uncoupled Modeling and Quasi-Coupled Methods	87
4	The Full Bridge Diode Simulation in SPICE Tools with Quasi-Coupled (Unchanged Equivalent Circuit)	87
5	The Coupled Modeling Methods Based on Quasi-Coupled-SPICE Iteration	89
CHAPTER 6	THE CO-SIMULATION OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AND MIXED FEM-EXACT-SOLUTION-SPICE SIMULATION TOOL	95
1	Co-Simulation System of Electrical-Mechanical and FEM	95
2	A Mixed FEM-Analytic Method-SPICE simulation tool	95
3	The Flow of Co-simulation of Mechanical and Electrical System	97
4	Result and Discussions	100
5	Conclusion and Future works	100
5.1	Conclusions	100
REFERENCE	101


                                    

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校內：2024-12-19公開
校外：不公開電子論文尚未授權公開，紙本請查館藏目錄

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