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研究生：	李智偉 Lee, Chih-Wei
論文名稱：	網際網路即時影像傳輸的分析與研究 The Study and Analysis of Real-Time Video Transmission in Internet
指導教授：	周哲民 Jou, Jer Min
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2005
畢業學年度：	93
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	121
中文關鍵詞：	影像傳輸、多點傳播骨幹、即時傳輸協定
外文關鍵詞：	Tcl/Tk, H.261, RTCP, RTP, VIC, Videoconference
相關次數：	點閱：53 下載：2
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由於網際網路的興起及寬頻網路應用服務的普及化，加上近幾年來網際網路語音傳輸( Voice over IP；VoIP )的技術快速發展，讓原本只有傳遞文字與檔案為主的網際網路有了很大的轉變，演變成能夠傳輸即時語音(Audio)及影像(Video)等多媒體資訊的服務。
為了能夠了解網際網路即時影像傳輸基本原理及架構，進而快速的整合影像和語音功能，並期望能夠更進一步發展出一套網路影像電話系統，因此我們將藉由研究此開放原始碼的視訊會議軟體來達到此目的。
在本篇論文中我們研究了網際網路即時傳輸協定RTP/RTCP、Tcl/Tk語言的特性，以及影像的軟體架構與程式執行流程，加上語音軟體的概略介紹，實際整合出即時影像及語音傳輸系統，最後並做系統執行時間的分析，以及測試網際網路封包的傳送與接收的情形。

Because of the development in Internet and Network application with wide bandwidth, voice transmission in Internet (Voice over IP; VOIP) grows up rapidly in this few years. It makes a big transformation to Internet from transmitting text and file to transmit Audio and Video for real time.
In order to understand the basic principle and the architecture of real-time video transmission in Internet for integrating the video and audio function quickly, develop the video phone further in the future. Therefore, we research and analyze the open source code of video conferencing software.
In this thesis, we study the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP), the Real-Time Control Protocol, the Tcl/Tk language property, and the architecture and the execution flow of video software respectively. We also integrate the Video and Audio transmission system plus the introduction to the audio software. Finally, we present the analysis of system execution time, and the testing result of sending and receiving packets in network.

第一章 緒論 ................................................ 1
1 研究背景與動機 ....................................... 1
2 研究目的 ............................................. 2
3 論文架構 ............................................. 2
第二章 網際網路即時輸 ...................................... 3
1 Multimedia on the Internet............................ 3
2 Network Protocols .................................... 5
2.1 OSI模式 .......................................... 5
2.2 TCP/IP模式 ....................................... 6
2.3 OSI和TCP/IP模式之比較 ............................ 7
3 Multicast backbone ................................... 8
4 RTP/RTCP ............................................ 11
4.1 專有名詞的定義 .................................. 11
4.2 RTP標頭的欄位定義 ............................... 13
4.3 RTCP控制協定 .................................... 15
4.4 RTCP封包的種類與格式 ............................ 16
5 Tcl/Tk .............................................. 31
5.1 如何在C語言的環境下開發一個Tcl的應用 ............ 32
第三章 影像傳輸系統 ....................................... 35
1 Software Architecture ............................... 35
1.1 Initial block ................................... 38
1.2 Tcl block ....................................... 39
1.3 Grabber block ................................... 44
1.4 Encoder block ................................... 47
1.5 SessionManager block ............................ 48
1.6 Network block ................................... 58
1.7 Decoder block ................................... 60
1.8 Render block .................................... 60
2 Synchronization and concurrency scheme in runtime ... 65
2.1 Communication Paradigmes ........................ 65
2.2 IPC (Inter Proecss Control) ..................... 65
2.3 Socket .......................................... 67
2.4 Tcl Sychronization With Windows  ................ 67
3 H261 Packetization ................................ 69
3.1 H.261 Packetization ............................. 69
3.2 RTP Packet header for Video ..................... 74
4 Output rate control ................................. 75
5 User Interface ...................................... 76
5.1 影像傳輸系統的選單(Menu)視窗 .................... 77
第四章 影像與語音整合 ..................................... 81
1 Audio overview ...................................... 81
2 Media Timestamp ..................................... 84
2.1 Audio Timestamp ................................. 84
2.2 Video Timestamp ................................. 84
3 Playout Buffer ...................................... 87
3.1 Playout Buffer資料結構 .......................... 87
3.2 基本的操作函式 .................................. 90
3.3 Playout Time Calculation ........................ 93
4 Lip Synchronization ................................. 99
4.1 Media Synchronization ........................... 99
4.2 Sender Behavior ................................ 101
4.3 Receiver Behavior .............................. 101
4.4 Nckuee Audio/Video Synchronization ............. 102
5 User Interface Integration ......................... 104
5.1 Tcl Script files ............................... 104
5.2 整合完成之畫面 ................................. 106
第五章 實驗與分析結果 .................................... 107
1 系統開發使用之軟硬體工具及程式語言 ................. 107
2 功能區塊時間分析.................................... 107
2.1 測試環境介紹 ................................... 107
2.2 語音傳輸的時間分析 ............................. 107
2.3 影像傳輸的時間分析.............................. 108
3 網路封包傳送與接收個數之統計結果 ................... 109
3.1 測試環境一 ..................................... 110
3.2 測試環境二 ..................................... 113
3.3 兩個測試環境之結果比較 ......................... 115
3.4 程序所需之系統記憶體 ........................... 117
第六章 結論與未來發展 .................................... 119
  參考文獻 ............................................... 120 

                                    

[1] Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks (Third Edition), Prentice-Hall 1996.
[2] H. Schulzrinne. RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal
Control. Request for comments (Proposed Standard) RFC 1890, Internet
Engineering Task Force, January 1996
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Protocol for Real-Time Applications. Request for comments (Proposed
Standard) RFC 1889, Internet Engineering Task Force, January 1996.
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Computer Communication Review, 22(3):92-97, July 1992.
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(Proposed Standard) RFC 1112, Internet Engineering Task Force, August
1989.
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Packet Video " ACM Multimedia '95. http://www-mice.cs.ucl.ac.uk/ multimedia/software/vic/.
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Publish date: 05 May, 2003.
[12] T. Turletti and C. Huitema,“RTP payload format for H.261 video streams,” Request for Comments (Proposed Standard) RFC 2032, Internet Engineering Task Force, Oct. 1996.
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ucl.ac.uk/multimedia/software/documentation/vic-userguide.zip, vic- userguide.doc.
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校內：2006-07-28公開
校外：2006-07-28公開

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