隨著人口的增長，工業革命和廢水污染已成為嚴重的環境問題。光合微生物如藍綠菌和微藻類具有環保和成本低廉的優點可以用來解決上述兩個問題。而藍綠菌具有CO2固定機制，該機制可以將CO2和碳酸氫鹽傳輸到藍綠菌細胞中加以利用封存，同時在培養過程中產生富含高附加價值副產物，例如類胡蘿蔔素和藻膽蛋白色素。
此外，隨著養豬業的發展，養豬場的廢水來自豬糞水以及用於清潔豬舍的水也與日俱增。養豬廢水來自尿液和糞便中富含氨氮、碳和磷，可能導致環境優養化。將豬廢水中的養分轉化為有價值的生物質，並在培養過程中產生生質能與高附加價值產物的潛力、永續性及多功能性已使得藻體培養實驗引起越來越多的關注。
由於上述原因，本研究欲探討藍綠菌培養於養豬廢水中之生長表現和產能，及養豬廢水中氨氮的去除率，CO2固定率以及類胡蘿蔔素和藻膽蛋白的色素生成。
Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1) 是從台灣金崙溫泉中分離出來的一種嗜熱藍綠菌，它能夠有效吸收二氧化碳，並且對高鹼性環境和高溫條件的耐受性高。同時在生長過程中產出高價值生質副產物如類胡蘿蔔素和藻膽蛋白，其中包括玉米黃質，β-胡蘿蔔素，藻藍蛋白，異藻藍蛋白，藻紅蛋白。這項研究目的是探討Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1) 培養在平板光合生物反應器於好氧性養豬廢水中添加了113.2 mM溶解的無機碳作為培養基之可行性和產能，其培養條件光強度變化為500、1,000、2,000 µE/m2/s，初始藻密度為2.0、3.0和4.0 g / L。將好養性養豬廢水中的氨氮濃度控制在80至100 mg / L範圍內，以達到TCL-1良好生長條件的合適濃度。
根據研究結果顯示，光強度和初始藻密度是影響TCL-1生質體產率的關鍵因素。初始藻密度為3.0 g / L和光照強度1,000 μE/ m2 / s下於養豬廢水培養時，具有最高生質體產率為69.03 ± 1.68 mg / L / h，生物質生長增量為27.28 ± 0.01 %。較高的生物質生長增量有助於較高的氨氮去除率和CO2固定率，分別為69.01 ± 19.73 % 和128.2 ± 0.3 mg / L / h。在培養同時生產之色素高價值副產物，玉米黃素，β-胡蘿蔔素於培養12小時後生產的色素含量分別為 -0.010 ± 0.009 and 0.006 ± 0.036 mg/L/h。而藻膽蛋白中的藻藍蛋白、異藻藍蛋白、藻紅蛋白的含量分別為7.80 ± 0.004, 8.29 ± 0.030, 和0.94 ± 0.006 %。
此外，較高的生物質濃度如4.0 g / L 初始藻密度TCL-1會引起反應器中較高的紊度，從而導致較低的生物質生產力，因此，在較高的光強度如2,000 μE/ m2 / s下培養可以達到更好的生物質生產率和生物質生長增量，分別為35.97 ± 6.76 mg / L / h和10.72 ± 0.08 %。光照強度中低光強度將導致高生物量濃度培養中的光抑制機理，因此，在較低的光照強度下以2.0 g / L的濃度進行培養時，較低的初始藻密度可實現生物量生產力和生物量增加，分別為44.17 ± 1.06 mg / L / h和53.00 ± 0.06 %。
當藻體培養過程中被提供了豐富的營養時，會提高光利用效率和光保護作用進而造成較高效率CO2固定。總體而言，在需氧處理養豬廢水中培養TCL-1可達到固定CO2濃度，氨氮去除率，並通過培養過程中產生高附加價值副產物，此研究結果對於微藻培養於廢水中之汙染物降解與色素生成有其競爭力。

With the development of human population, industrial revolution and the wastewater pollution issues have become a serious environmental concern. Photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria and microalgae have the advantages of eco-friendly and cost-effective for anauspicious solution to solve these two issues. Cyanobacteria have developed a CO2 concentrating mechanism which transport and convert CO2 and bicarbonate into cytoplasm to produce biomass with high value-added commodities such as carotenoids and phycobiliprotein pigments.
Moreover, with the expansion of swine industrythe wastewater from swine farm, which are generated from the pig excreta and the water utilization to clean the swine housing sheds, is also increase. The wastewater from swine farm is rich in ammonia, carbon, and phosphorus content from the urine and the manure, that may lead to eutrophication in the environment. The potential of nutrients transformation from swine wastewater into valuable biomass and bioenergy generation has drawn increasing attention.
For the reasons above, this studyconscientiously discussed the characteristics of cyanobacteria in biomass production, swine wastewater ammonia removal rate, CO2 fixation rate, and the pigments production (carotenoids and phycobiliproteins). Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1) is a cyanobacterium isolated from Chin Lun hot spring in Taiwan which actively utilize carbon dioxide and has tolerance of high alkaline environment and high temperature condition. Simultaneously, TCL-1 generates valuable bio-products such as carotenoids and phycobiliproteins including zeaxanthin, β-carotene, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin during its growth process. The aim of this study was to investigate the Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1) cultivation feasibility and performance in swine anoxic and aerobic treated wastewater with the addition of 113.2 mM dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as the medium in a flat panel photobioreactor (FPBR) under the light intensity variation of 500, 1,000, 2,000 µE/m2/s and the initial biomass concentration of 2.0, 3.0, and 4 .0 g/L. The ammonia concentration from swine aerobic treated wastewater is controlled within 80 to 100 mg/L to reach the suitable levels for TCL-1 growth condition.
The maximum biomass production, CO2 fixation rate and ammonia degradation carried out by the cultivation condition under initial biomass of 3.0 g/L TCL-1. TCL-1 biomass productivity, CO2 fixation rate, and ammonia removal rate are 69.03 ± 1.68 mg/L/h, 128.2 ± 0.3 mg/L/h, and 69.01 ± 19.73 %, respectively when the initial biomass concentration was 3.0 mg/L cultivated under swine wastewater with 1,000 µE/m2/s. Under cultivation with 3.0 mg/L in swine wastewater under 1,000 µE/m2/s light intensity, antioxidant system has been provoked which resulted in an increase of carotenoid and phycobiliproteins content. The productivities of zeaxanthin and β-carotene are -0.010 ± 0.009 and 0.006 ± 0.036 mg/L/h, respectively. Simultaneously, the content of phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin are 7.80 ± 0.004, 8.29 ± 0.030, and 0.94 ± 0.006 %, respectively.
Furthermore, higher biomass concentration such as 4 g/L TCL-1 causing higher turbulence leads to lower biomass productivity as a result cultivation under higher light intensity such as 2,000 µE/m2/s can reach better biomass productivity and biomass increment which are 35.97 ± 6.76 mg/L/h and 10.72 ± 0.08 %, respectively. Low light intensity will lead to the photoinhibition mechanism in the cultivation with high biomass concentration. On the contrary, the lower concentration as 2.0 g/L cultivate under lower light intensity of 500 µE/m2/s achieve biomass productivity and biomass increment which are 43.06 ± 4.69 mg/L/h and 24.26 ± 0.04 %, respectively.
The light utilization efficiency and photoprotection were improved by the elevation of CO2, particularly when cells were supplied with abundant nutrients. Overall, TCL-1 cultivation in swine aerobic treated wastewater lead to the fixation of CO2 concentrations, ammonia removal rate and evaluations of the ecosystem with value-added ingredients co-production. The data obtained provide significant insights for microalgae pigment composition data bases.

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