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研究生： 李尚恩
Li, Shang-En
論文名稱： 正念練習如何導引促進設計思考心法：針對非設計師的探索型研究
How Mindfulness Practice Can Facilitate Design Thinking Mindset: An Exploratory Study for Non-designer
指導教授： 楊佳翰
Yang, Chia-Han
黃仲菁
Huang, Chung-Ching
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所
Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年： 2025
畢業學年度： 113
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 288
中文關鍵詞： 設計思考 、設計思考心法 、非設計師 、正念練習
外文關鍵詞： Design Thinking, Design Thinking Mindset, Non-Designers, Mindfulness Practice
相關次數： 點閱：101  下載：50 
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    • 隨著設計思考的普及，越來越多的組織與學院導入設計思考，也讓更多非設計背景的人開始參與到設計思考之中。在操作設計思考的過程裡，除了流程與工具，操作者的心法是至關重要的，例如同理心、實驗精神、擁抱不確定性等。然而，非設計背景的人相對缺乏完整的設計學習歷程，導致進行設計思考時只停留在工具與流程的操作，而難以養成設計思考心法，也容易有與設計思考心法相違的行為出現。目前培養設計思考心法的方法仍在早期發展階段，也較少關注於內在狀態的鍛鍊。正念練習作為一種訓練內在狀態的方法，在臨床治療、企業管理、教育上都有大量被導入的案例。在設計領域的研究中，正念練習也被認為與諸多設計師所需具備的特質相似，例如開放性、關懷人群等。本研究希望在設計思考流程中導入正念練習，探索正念練習可以為非設計背景的人在設計思考心法上帶來什麼改變。
    本研究採用混合研究方法，分為兩個階段。第一階段透過專家訪談與前導測試，定義出適合融入設計思考流程的正念練習，以及針對設計思考特性所需要做出的調整。第二階段採用場域實驗法，將調整後的正念練習融入設計思考，邀請非設計師參與，實際走過完整的設計思考流程。實驗過程中採用觀察法與問卷收集初步資料，接著在實驗結束後與非設計師參與者進行一對一的質性訪談，作為主要的資料來源。透過後續的資料分析，試圖探索與回答正念練習可以為非設計師帶來何種設計思考心法上的影響，以及正念是如何導引設計思考心法的機制。
    本研究最終使用正念態度引導語與正念冥想的形式融入設計思考流程，並總結出正念可以為非設計師在設計思考心法上帶來11項的特質，分別包含耐心地自然發展、對未知與風險感到放鬆、不加操控團隊走向、多元角度思考、包容團隊多元性、更深層的同理、讓好奇心去引導探索、敢於行動與失敗、放下設計新手焦慮、不帶預設的聆聽、坦誠分享空間。本研究也探索了正念導引設計思考心法的背後原理，總結出三層機制：自我覺察、對內態度調整、對外態度調整。透過正念的引導，非設計師會在設計思考流程中的不同情況下，帶著覺察與態度調整等機制，去面對當下的內在與外在的挑戰，進而促進部分特定的設計思考心法。

    As design thinking becomes more widespread, an increasing number of organizations and academic institutions are incorporating it, engaging more individuals without a design background (non-designers) in the process. In the practice of design thinking, besides processes and tools, the mindset of the practitioner, such as empathy, a spirit of experimentation, and embracing uncertainty, is crucial. However, non-designers often lack a comprehensive design learning process, which results in their engagement with design thinking being limited to the use of tools and processes. Consequently, they struggle to develop a design thinking mindset and are prone to behaviors that conflict with the design thinking mindset. Current methods for cultivating this mindset are still in their early stages and often overlook the training of internal states. Mindfulness practice, a method for training internal states, has been widely implemented in clinical therapy, business management, and education. In design research, mindfulness practice is also seen as aligned with many traits necessary for designers, such as openness and empathy towards people. This study aims to integrate mindfulness practice into the design thinking process and explore the changes it can bring to non-designers in terms of their design thinking mindset.
    This study employs a mixed-methods approach, divided into two phases. In the first phase, expert interviews and pilot testing were used to define mindfulness practices suitable for integration into the design thinking process and identify necessary adjustments to align with the characteristics of design thinking. In the second phase, a field experiment was conducted, incorporating the adjusted mindfulness practices into the design thinking process. Non-designers were invited to participate and complete the full design thinking process. During the experiment, observational methods and questionnaires were employed to collect preliminary data. Following the experiment, one-on-one qualitative interviews were conducted with non-designer participants as the primary data source. Subsequent data analysis aimed to explore and address questions, including the effects of mindfulness practices on the design thinking mindset of non-designers and the mechanisms through how mindfulness facilitates the design thinking mindsets.
    This study ultimately incorporated mindfulness attitude prompts and interspersed mindfulness meditation into the design thinking process, concluding that mindfulness can foster 11 distinct traits in the design thinking mindset of non-designers, including: allowing natural development, relaxing toward the unknown and risk, avoiding control over team direction, thinking from multiple perspectives, embracing team diversity, deep empathy, following curiosity to explore, being bold in action and open to failure, releasing beginner’s anxiety in design, listening without preconceived notions, and creating a space for open sharing. The study also explores the underlying principles of how mindfulness supports the design thinking mindset and identifies three core mechanisms: self-awareness, internal attitude adjustment, and external attitude adjustment. Through mindfulness facilitation, non-designers engage mechanisms such as awareness and attitude adjustment to address internal and external challenges in various stages of the design thinking process. This, in turn, fosters certain specific design thinking mindsets.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT III ACKNOWLEDGE V LIST OF FIGURES X LIST OF TABLE XI CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Motivation 5 1.3 Research Objective And Questions 12 1.4 Terminology 14 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW 16 2.1 Introduction Of Design Thinking Development 16 2.1.1 Concept Of Design Thinking 16 2.1.2 Design Thinking Process And Tools 18 2.1.3 Evolution Of Design Thinking 23 2.2 Theoretical Base Of Design Thinking Mindset 24 2.2.1 Concept Of Design Thinking Mindset 24 2.2.2 Category Of Design Thinking Mindset And Its Evaluation 26 2.2.3 Building A Design Thinking Mindset 28 2.3 Definition Of Non-Designer And Their Challenges In Design Thinking 30 2.3.1 Non-Designer In Design Thinking 30 2.3.2 Challenges For Non-Designer In Adopting A Design Thinking Mindset 33 2.4 Understanding Mindfulness Practices 35 2.4.1 Concept Of Mindfulness 35 2.4.2 Evolution Of Mindfulness 37 2.4.3 Types Of Mindfulness Practice 39 2.5 Recent Implications Of Mindfulness Practices 43 2.5.1 Effects From Mindfulness Practice 43 2.5.2 Mindfulness Practice As Interventions 46 2.5.3 Mindfulness Practice As Interventions In Design Context 48 CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH DESIGN 50 3.1 Research Concept 50 3.2 Research Framework 52 3.3 Research Method 55 3.3.1 Expert Interview 55 3.3.2 Experiment Research 56 3.3.3 Participant Observation 57 3.3.4 Design Thinking Mindset Questionnaire 57 3.3.5 Semi-Structured In-Depth Interview 58 3.4 Data Collection 59 3.4.1 Criteria Of Expert 59 3.4.2 Criteria Of Non-Designer 60 3.5 Research Process 62 3.5.1 Phase I: Expert Interview & Pilot Testing 63 3.5.2 Phase II: Workshop, Questionnaire & In-Depth Interview 64 3.5.3 Data Analysis 65 CHAPTER 4 – RESEARCH RESULTS 67 4.1 Data Sources 67 4.2 Identification Process Of Mindfulness Integration 71 4.2.1 First Round Of Expert Interview 71 4.2.2 Pilot Testing 75 4.2.3 Second Round Of Expert Interview 76 4.3 Implementation Of Workshop And Mindfulness Integration 77 4.3.1 Design Thinking Workshop 78 4.3.2 Integration Of Mindfulness Practices 82 4.3.3 Interview Framing 85 4.4 Participants’ Experience Of Mindfulness Integration 89 4.4.1 Experience Of Mindfulness Attitude Prompts 89 4.4.2 Experience Of Interspersed Mindfulness Meditation 91 4.4.3 Differences In Understanding Mindfulness 93 4.4.4 Cultivating Mindfulness: Dependent On Long-Term Practice 94 4.4.5 Summary 95 4.5 Mindfulness-Driven Traits In Design Thinking 96 4.5.1 Embracing Uncertainty And Risk 97 4.5.2 Openness To Diversity 103 4.5.3 Empathetic Towards People 107 4.5.4 Action Oriented 110 4.5.5 Communication With Affinity 114 4.5.6 Summary 117 4.6 Internal Mechanisms Facilitated By Mindfulness 120 4.6.1 Self-Awareness 121 4.6.2 Internal Attitude Adjustment 123 4.6.3 External Attitude Adjustment 126 4.6.4 Summary 128 CHAPTER 5 – DISCUSSION 129 5.1 Discussion On Research Findings 129 5.1.1 How Mindfulness Facilitate Design Thinking Mindset 129 5.1.2 Addressing Non-Designer Challenges: Shifting Timid And Controlling Mindsets 132 5.1.3 A Design Thinking Stages Perspective: Fostering Divergent Mindsets 135 5.1.4 Boundaries Of Mindfulness In Facilitating Design Thinking Mindsets 137 5.1.5 Boundaries Of Mindfulness Effects For Short-Term Participants 139 5.2 Implication For Theory 140 5.3 Implication For Practice 143 5.4 Research Limitation 145 5.5 Recommendation For Future Study 146 CHAPTER 6 – CONCLUSION 148 REFERENCE 150 APPENDIX 158 Appendix A: Questionnaire Of Measuring Design Thinking Mindset 158 Appendix B: Canvas Of Design Thinking Workshop 161 Appendix C: Interview Transcript 168

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