為維持競爭優勢，企業需透過妥適配置策略以達到設定目標。過去許多學者探討兼併探索性與盡用性策略對於績效之影響，然而此雙元性的概念是否適用於資源較不足的中小企業卻甚少著墨。同時，在國際化脈絡下雙元性策略與績效表現之關係及其影響要素等議題亦需更多研究討論。
因此本研究以2008年至2012年225家台灣上市櫃中小企業廠商為研究樣本，分別以網絡關係、學習能耐、高階管理團隊異質性，來探討雙元性策略之前因，並加以國際化程度之交互作用驗證其對公司績效的影響。以5年期的追蹤資料(panel data)經由統計軟體STATA 10進行一系列的檢定分析，並建立迴歸模型。研究驗證結果得出：(1)學習能耐與高階管理團隊異質性與雙元性策略呈正向影響關係；(2)雙元性策略對公司績效為S型曲線關係；(3)國際化程度對雙元性策略與公司績效間關係存在先增後減的倒U性調節效果。顯示企業應適當採取雙元性策略，並且在決策時考量其影響因素，以期達到較佳的績效表現。

In order to retain the performance and sustain competitive advantage, firms need to appropriate their strategies. Many scholars have already discussed the relationship between performance and the ability to jointly pursue both exploration and exploitation. However, the relationship between ambidexterity and performance in resources constrained SMEs is seldom examined. Moreover, there is a disproportionate gap in the antecedents of ambidexterity and its performance outcome in the context of internationalization which calls for more discussion.
Therefore, this study selected 225 Taiwanese SMEs from 2008 to 2012 as research samples, discussing the driver s of ambidexterity as this study proposed, including network relationship, learning capacity, top management team heterogeneity. In addition, this study further examines the effect of interaction between degree of internationalization and ambidexterity strategy on firm performance. Using STATA 10 as analysis tool with five-year panel data, the research does several tests and builds regression models to verify the hypothesis . The empirical results indicate that: (1) Learning capacity and top management team heterogeneity are positively associated with ambidexterity; (2) the ambidexterity–performance relationship is characterized by S-shaped; (3) the degree of internationalization in fact has a inverted U-shaped moderating effect on the relationship between ambidexterity and performance.
Firm should take the antecedents into consideration and adopt ambidexterity strategies adequately in pursuit of superior performance.

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