隨著空間資訊技術、開放資料政策與網路服務架構持續發展,地理空間資料的數量與類型快速增加,並廣泛應用於國土規劃、環境監測、防災管理及都市治理等領域。然而,資料公開並不等同於資料能夠被有效分享與應用。現行地理空間資料流通機制多著重於將資料公開及服務上線,並未完整建立由資料建置、發佈至使用端的一致管理與應用環境。當資料分散於不同平台,且缺乏一致的識別資訊、內容描述、品質、來源歷程、使用限制及服務連結時,使用者即使取得資料,仍可能無法正確理解其內容、判斷適用條件或選擇合適的存取方式,且近年資料數量大幅增加,大數據與雲端帶動新的發展思維,如何建立可支援資料搜尋、存取、交換、理解及再利用的管理機制,已成為提升地理空間資料流通與應用效益的重要挑戰。
FAIR原則以資料之可發現性(Findable)、可存取性(Accessible)、可互操作性(Interoperable)及可重用性(Reusable)為核心,從資訊分享與應用的角度提出資料治理應達成的要求。然而,FAIR原則主要著重於目標層次,落實發展之機制仍有待不同面向之具體作為與考量。標準化詮釋資料可將資料內容、品質、來源、使用限制及存取方式轉化為結構化且可交換的資訊,是落實FAIR原則的重要手段。ISO 19115系列標準為地理空間資訊領域具代表性的國際詮釋資料標準,可支援不同機關、平台及系統間的資源描述與交換。若可成功建立ISO 19115與FAIR要求、網路服務及使用情境之間的對應關係,將有助於建構由資料建置至使用端應用的完整運作流程。基於上述問題,本研究以FAIR四項核心原則及其十五項子原則作為資料分享與再利用需求之分析架構,並將各項要求對應至ISO19115系列標準中的詮釋資料項目。本研究據此由ISO 19115系列標準中選取可支援 FAIR 要求之核心詮釋資料項目,並依資料集、資料系列、資料服務、影像及感測資料等資源類型,規劃共通核心項目與條件式擴充項目。各項目再進一步設定適用條件、填寫義務、內容來源及驗證方式,使FAIR原則得以轉化為資料供應端可執行之詮釋資料建置與維護規則,形成實務系統發展之基礎。本研究在系統實作與驗證方面以GeoNetwork建立、搜尋及發佈ISO 19115-3詮釋資料紀錄,透過GeoServer提供OGC API-Features與 OGC API-Tiles服務,並串接SensorThings API感測資料服務。此外,本研究開發QGIS Python外掛,建立QGIS圖層與GeoNetwork詮釋資料紀錄之對應關係,使使用者除可依取得FAIR相關詮釋資料項目掌握圖層的完整詮釋資料外,亦可搜尋其他圖層之詮釋資訊,並進一步查詢資料適用性判斷的內容。驗證結果顯示在具體落實FAIR於地理資源之推動目標下,本研究所建立之架構可支援使用者依標題、關鍵字、主題分類、時間資訊及空間範圍搜尋資料,並由詮釋資料紀錄直接連結至向量、影像及感測資料服務。不同資料型態亦可於QGIS環境中共同讀取與套疊,且圖層仍可連結至其ISO 19115-3詮釋資料紀錄,使資料來源、品質、限制及服務資訊得以在跨平台使用過程中持續互操作及重用。使用者可進一步依據詮釋資料所記錄之資料建立基礎、時空範圍、品質、來源及限制資訊,選擇合適的資料處理、跨圖層整合與分析方式。
本研究建立一套結合FAIR原則分析、ISO 19115項目對應、詮釋資料建置、標準服務發佈、目錄檢索及QGIS使用端驗證之整合架構,成功實現FAIR之運作目標,將地理空間資料流通由單純公開與下載,建立由詮釋資料描述、目錄檢索、標準服務存取、跨平台整合至資料適用性判斷之操作流程,並實證所選核心項目可在標準化OpenGIS流通環境中支援FAIR各面向之要求。針對我國推動之國家級地理資源跨域分享機制,研究成果可作為政府機關及地理空間資料管理單位建置標準化詮釋資料、串接網路服務及支援資料再利用判斷之參考,亦可作為推動跨機關詮釋資料一致化、標準服務介接及FAIR導向資料治理之實作依據。

Geospatial data have become essential resources for environmental monitoring, urban planning, disaster management, smart city development, and scientific research. Although numerous datasets are publicly available through governmental open data platforms and web services, effective data reuse remains challenging because metadata are often incomplete, inconsistent, or disconnected from online services. As a result, users may successfully locate datasets but still lack sufficient information to determine their quality, provenance, spatial reference systems, access methods, or usage constraints. To address these issues, this study proposes a FAIR-oriented geospatial metadata framework based on the ISO 19115 series of standards. T The fifteen FAIR sub-principles were analyzed and mapped to corresponding ISO 19115 metadata elements. Based on this mapping, a set of core metadata elements was selected, together with conditional extensions for datasets, dataset series, data services, imagery, and sensor data. Applicability conditions, obligation levels, information sources, and validation rules were further defined to support metadata creation and maintenance by data providers. The implementation integrated GeoNetwork, GeoServer, OGC API - Features, OGC API - Tiles, SensorThings API, and QGIS to establish an operational workflow covering metadata creation, publication, discovery, service access, cross-platform integration, and downstream data use. The validation results show that the selected metadata elements can partially support the four FAIR dimensions within a standardized OpenGIS environment. When information on data provenance, spatial and temporal extent, quality, coordinate reference systems, maintenance status, and usage constraints is adequately documented, users can select appropriate methods for data processing, cross-layer integration, and analysis. When critical information is missing, the metadata can also indicate which prerequisites remain unavailable and which information should be supplemented by data providers. The proposed framework provides an operational reference for FAIR-oriented geospatial metadata implementation rather than a complete measure of FAIR compliance.

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