近年來，隨著雲端運算、大數據及物聯網技術的快速發展，數位孿生研究議題正如火如荼進行中。數位孿生之發展需要跨域之地理資訊交換，應用程式介面（Application Programing Interface，API）為目前高度使用之技術，包括空間與非空間之資料均可透過API進行流通，其發展有助於數位孿生議題之推動與進步，開放地理空間聯盟（Open Geospatial Consortium，OGC）目前正推動各類API標準，涵蓋不同種類圖資之面向。我國許多資料平台雖規定以Open API之架構發展，但對於具有空間與時間特性資料之內容設計與流通尚未有通盤之考量，多由各單位自行發展，這些資料具有主題多元之特性，由不同專業權責機關蒐集與發布，部分資料具有標準或規範，透過各自平台或服務對外供應，其整合運作涉及典型之資料異質問題。在數位孿生環境建立時空模擬與分析上，也必須面對整合資源及如何透過API取得所需資源之挑戰，若資料庫需同時存取這些多元之資訊，未制定標準將造成資料庫端資訊解讀與處理之困擾，進而影響API設計之統一性與便利性。因數位轉型及技術之推動，大量具有時空及主題特性之資訊可被自動建置，如何善加利用快速累積之時空資料有賴於高品質之資料蒐集、正確之時空管理、完備之資訊描述及便利之API介面。
為有效釐清支援時空數據之地理空間資訊服務形式，本研究首先於文獻回顧討論時空數據之特性、應用與發展現況，進一步探討時空資料庫與資料品質，接著討論應用程式介面之發展、標準與資料傳遞，最後說明地理空間資訊雲端服務的概念。研究聚焦於分析國家各單位提供之開放格式GIS地理資訊資料之時間、空間、參數、識別資源四個資料特性面向，參考詮釋資料標準ISO 19115，提供時空資料庫時間語意資訊之加值使用，以提出標準化之時空資料分類模式，包含三階層分類，形成六類時空資料模式，並說明時空資料庫設計策略，完整分析設計六類時空資料模式的資料庫結構，為API設計提供參考。此外，為建立完備之資訊描述及便利之API介面，本研究對API資料服務介面之相關標準進行盤點，首先分析我國各開放資料平台所使用之共通性應用程式介面規範，進一步分析OGC地理空間資訊API標準之各類標準，以作為後續地理空間資訊API服務架構設計之參考，最終進行通用之地理空間資訊API服務架構設計，結合前述資料庫模式架構，選定合適的OGC地理空間資訊API標準與規範，設計主題式地理空間資訊API服務，以利地理空間資訊服務之發展與應用、提升使用者對回傳成果內容、品質及適用性之判斷，增進數位孿生異質性資料流通、資料品質等議題之發展。

In recent years, with the rapid development of cloud computing, big data, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, research on digital twins is progressing rapidly. The advancement of digital twins necessitates cross-domain geospatial data exchange, where Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) play a crucial role. APIs facilitate the circulation of both spatial and non-spatial data, contributing to the advancement of digital twins by enabling efficient data exchange. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is currently promoting various API standards covering different types of geospatial data. Despite many national data platforms adopting Open API architectures, there remains insufficient consideration for the design and circulation of data with spatial and temporal characteristics, often developed independently by different agencies. These datasets are diverse in theme, collected and disseminated by various professional bodies, some adhering to standards or specifications and provided through their respective platforms or services, posing typical challenges of heterogeneous data integration. In establishing spatiotemporal simulations and analyses in a digital twin environment, challenges include resource integration and accessing required resources through APIs. Lack of standards for accessing these diverse datasets can lead to interpretation and processing difficulties at the database end, thereby affecting the uniformity and convenience of API design. With the push for digital transformation and technological advancements, vast amounts of temporally and spatially specific information can be automatically generated. Effectively utilizing rapidly accumulating spatiotemporal data relies on high-quality data collection, accurate spatiotemporal management, comprehensive information description, and convenient API interfaces.
To clarify effective forms of geospatial information services supporting spatiotemporal data, this study first reviews the literature on the characteristics, applications, and current developments of spatiotemporal data. It further discusses spatiotemporal databases and data quality, then explores the development, standards, and data transmission of APIs. Finally, it explains the concept of geospatial information cloud services. The research focuses on analyzing the time, space, parameter, and identification resource aspects of open-format GIS geospatial information data provided by various national units, referencing the ISO 19115 metadata standard to provide added value for temporal semantic information in spatiotemporal database time management. It proposes a standardized spatiotemporal data classification pattern, comprising three hierarchical levels and forming six types of spatiotemporal data patterns, and outlines spatiotemporal database design strategies, providing a comprehensive analysis of the database structure of the six types of spatiotemporal data patterns for API design reference. In addition, to establish comprehensive information descriptions and convenient API interfaces, the study inventories relevant standards for API data service interfaces, first analyzing the common application programming interface specifications used by various open data platforms in our country, further analyzing various standards of OGC geospatial information APIs to serve as a reference for subsequent geospatial information API service architecture design. Ultimately, it designs a generalized geospatial information API service architecture, combining the aforementioned database pattern architecture, selecting appropriate OGC geospatial information API standards and specifications, and designing thematic geospatial information API services to facilitate the development and application of geospatial information services, enhance users' judgment on the content, quality, and applicability of returned results, and promote the development of issues such as heterogeneous data circulation and data quality in digital twins.

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