二十一世紀是知識經濟的時代，企業的競爭力不再取決於土地、勞力、廠房、機器等有形資產，而是取決於更為重要的智慧資產-知識。如何進行知識的辨識、獲取、創造、分享、移轉、利用與儲存等知識管理工作，讓知識發揮最大的效用，是企業在知識管理上要面對的重要課題，其中知識分享是重要因素之一。
本研究以社會認知理論的角度出發，將影響組織員工知識分享的因素區分為環境因素、個人因素及行為因素三個構面。環境因素方面包括社會資本及組織支持，社會資本包括結構構面、關係構面及認知構面，並分別以人際關係、信任及共同願景代表；而組織支持則以同仁支持及主管支持代表；在個人因素方面則以知識分享態度代表；在行為因素方面則以知識分享行為代表。本研究期望建立一個以社會認知理論的環境、個人及行為三個構面為架構的知識分享行為分析模式，以提供企業參考。
本研究以台灣製造業員工為研究對象，以問卷調查方法收集知識分享相關資料，總計回收212份有效問卷，並以因素分析、變異數分析、迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析驗證。本研究經實證分析結果發現如下：
1.社會資本的「人際關係」及「共同願景」對於「知識分享態度」有顯著影響。
2.組織支持的「同仁支持」及「主管支持」對於「知識分享態度」有顯著影響。
3.「知識分享態度」對於「知識分享行為」有顯著影響。
4.在有效樣本的個人資料變數的變異數分析中，不同「性別」在「人際關係」因素的平均數有顯著差異；不同「婚姻狀況」在「主管支持」因素的平均數有顯著差異；不同「年齡」在「知識分享行為」因素的平均數有顯著差異；不同「工作年資」在「共同願景」及「知識分享行為」的平均數有顯著差異。

In the twenty-one century, the era of knowledge based-economy, the competitiveness of enterprises no longer depend on land, labor, plant, machinery and other tangible assets, but on more important assets, knowledge. Using knowledge management, comprised of knowledge identifying, acquiring, creation, sharing, transferring, using, storing and so on, to maximize knowledge is the most important issue of all enterprises. And knowledge sharing is therein an important factor.
The study based on social cognitive theory is divided into three parts: environmental factors, personal factors and behavior factors on effects of organizational employee's knowledge sharing. Environmental factors include social capital and organizational support. Social capital include structural dimensions, relationship dimensions and cognitive dimensions, and respectively represent relationships, trust and shared vision, and then organizational support represent colleagues supports and supervisors supports. Individually and on behalf of personal factors and behavior factors is knowledge sharing attitude, and knowledge sharing behavior. The study attempts to establish a knowledge sharing behavior analysis model constituted of three dimensions based on social cognitive theory: environmental, personal, and behavior factors. The results could provide a reference for enterprises.
Study objects is the employees from manufacturing industry in Taiwan. To collect the knowledge sharing data, we use the questionnaire, and there are 212 questionnaires recovered totally. Then we analyze data by using factor analysis, ANOVA and regression analysis. The study results of positive analysis were as follows:
1.Relationship and shared vision in social capital have significant effects on knowledge sharing attitude.
2.Colleagues supports and supervisors supports in organizational support have significant effects on knowledge sharing attitude.
3.Knowledge sharing attitude has significant effects on knowledge sharing behavior.
4.In the results of ANOVA with effective personal data variables, there are significant difference between the means in these factors: sex in relationship, marital status in supervisor supports, age in knowledge sharing behavior, and years of work experience in shared vision and knowledge sharing behavior.

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