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研究生：	夏明勝 Shiah, Ming-Shen
論文名稱：	分析瀝青混凝土之材料及疲勞特性 Analysis of coarse aggregates, binder, and fatigue characteristics of asphalt concrete
指導教授：	陳建旭 Chen, Jian-Shiuh
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年：	2005
畢業學年度：	93
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	236
中文關鍵詞：	高分子材料、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、鋪面材料、瀝青、熱拌瀝青混合料、黏結料、抗車轍能力、粗粒料形狀、疲勞裂縫、靜置時間
外文關鍵詞：	hot-mix asphalt mixtures, paving materials, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), rutting resistance, binders, asphalts, coarse aggregate shape, polymer materials, fatigue crack, rest period
相關次數：	點閱：166 下載：7
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　　瀝青混凝土是由粗、細粒料加上瀝青拌和而成，粒料約佔總重量的95％，粗粒料的顆粒形狀對瀝青混凝土之工程性質有甚大影響。以影像處理方法分析粗粒料之短、中、長三軸的長度，計算得短長比、扁平比、形狀因子、及球度等因子，可作為勁度及抵抗車轍能力的指標。

　　傳統的瀝青材料具有較大的溫感性，高溫時易變形流動，低溫時硬脆易裂，影響瀝青混凝土鋪面的工程性質。添加適當的改質劑，能改善高溫時的溫感性及加強低溫時的韌性。高分子改質劑苯乙烯丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)為常用之瀝青改質劑，惟其與瀝青拌和後之穩定性，及添加數量對瀝青性質改善的效果，為實用與否的關鍵因素，必須加以探討，並由軟化點、複合模數、分離指數等材料物性質及混和料車轍工程性質作為指標，以求得SBS添加數量的最適比例。

　　疲勞裂縫為瀝青混凝土鋪面最常見的損壞之一，在試驗室中以應變控制方式模擬鋪面承受交通載重時的疲勞行為，觀察勁度與載重次數關係，可瞭解損壞在試體中累積的情形。一般而言，勁度與載重次數關係曲線呈現四階段下降型態：(1)升溫階段；(2)微裂縫生成及發展階段；(3)巨觀裂縫生成，勁度遽降階段；(4)殘餘勁度階段。由勁度下降曲線的不同階段，可判別微裂縫及巨觀裂縫出現之時機。

　　疲勞試驗過程中，應力、應變之關係會形成遲滯迴圈形式，每一遲滯迴圈的面積代表每一載重循環所散失之能量。遲滯迴圈與載重次數關係曲線，亦如同勁度下降曲線。遲滯迴圈與載重次數關係曲線的斜率可用以計算消散應變能變化指標，可反映微裂縫及巨觀裂縫出現的時機。

　　試驗室疲勞試驗結果與實際鋪面的疲勞壽命間的差異，一大原因為載重作用的連續與不連續，瀝青混凝土結構損壞會在不連續載重間的靜置時間內產生回復作用，延緩勁度下降的速率，並且延長疲勞壽命。

　　疲勞試驗勁度曲線又可找出第一及第二反曲點，代表微裂縫及巨觀裂縫生成之點。由巨觀裂縫出現前之損耗勁度及載重次數可得平均損壞速度，平均損壞速度與破壞勁度比關係曲線可作為疲勞壽命之指標。

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目錄 
謝誌•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	I
摘要•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	Ⅱ
英文縮寫目錄•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	Ⅳ
目錄•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	Ⅴ
表目錄•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	Ⅸ
圖目錄•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	Ⅹ
第一章  緒論•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	1	
1	前言••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	1
2	問題陳述••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	1
3	研究動機••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	4
4	研究目的••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	5
第二章  文獻回顧•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	6
1	粒料形狀特性及量測••••••••••••••••••••••••	6
2	改質瀝青••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	7
3	黏彈力學••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	18
4	瀝青混凝土疲勞行為••••••••••••••••••••••••	26
4.1 疲勞行為研究方法•••••••••••••••••••••••••	27
4.1.1	傳統疲勞分析法(Traditional Fatigue 
	Analysis) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	28
4.1.2 	破裂力學法(Fracture Mechanics Based 
	Approach) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••	30
4.1.3 	能量法(Energy Approach) •••••••••••••	37
4.2 影響瀝青混凝土疲勞行為的因素•••••••••••••	44
4.2.1 試體製作••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	44
4.2.2 混合料性質••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	46
4.2.2.1	粒料物理性質之影響•••••••••••••••••	47
4.2.2.2 	瀝青混凝土勁度之影響•••••••••••••••	49
4.2.2.3 	瀝青含量之影響•••••••••••••••••••••	50
4.2.2.4 	瀝青種類的影響•••••••••••••••••••••	51
4.2.2.5 	空隙率之影響•••••••••••••••••••••••	51
4.2.3 載重影響••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	52
4.3 疲勞試驗方法•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	58
4.3.1 簡單彎曲試驗(Simple Flexure) ••••••••••	58
4.3.2支承於彈性基礎上之彎曲試驗(Supported Flexure)
••••••••••••••••••••••••••	•••••••••••	62
4.3.3 直接單軸載重試驗(Direct Axial) •••••••••	65
4.3.4 間接張力試驗(Indirect Tensile Test) •••••	66
4.3.5 三軸試驗(Triaxial Test) ••••••••••••••••	70
4.3.6 破裂力學試驗(Fracture Mechanics Test) •	71
4.3.7 輪跡試驗(Wheel Track Testing) •••••••••	74
5	靜置時間的影響••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	77
6	瀝青混凝土疲勞模型••••••••••••••••••••••••	83
6.1 SHRP 模型•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	86
6.2 Asphalt Institute (AI)模型•••••••••••••••••••	87
6.3 SHELL模型••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	88
6.4 英國交通及道路研究室(Transport and Road 
Research Laboratory - TRRL, U.K.)模型•••••	89
6.5 Medani and Molenaar (M&M) 模型••••••••••	90
6.6 WesTrack模型•••••••••••••••••••••••••••	91
第三章  材料及方法•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	93
1	材料••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	93
2	試驗設備••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	98
3	試驗方法••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	101
3.1	粒料形狀分析•••••••••••••••••••••••••••	101
3.2	改質瀝青•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	103
3.3	疲勞試驗及試體製作•••••••••••••••••••••	105
4	粗粒料形狀參數之量測••••••••••••••••••••••	111
5	改質瀝青力學模型••••••••••••••••••••••••••	113
6	線性黏彈材料參數轉換••••••••••••••••••••••	114
6.1	時間函數黏彈材料參數之轉換•••••••••••••	120
6.2	參數式黏彈材料模數之轉換•••••••••••••••	125
6.3	複數模數之轉換•••••••••••••••••••••••••	127
第四章  粗粒料與改質瀝青•••••••••••••••••••••••••	130
1	粒料形狀分析••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	130
2	粒料顆粒指數••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	133
3	粒料形狀對馬歇爾設計值之影響••••••••••••••	135
4	車轍抵抗能力與粒料形狀之關係••••••••••••••	136
5	車轍造成粒料排列之變化••••••••••••••••••••	139
6	SBS改質瀝青熱穩定性••••••••••••••••••••••	141
6.1以軟化點觀察相分離••••••••••••••••••••••••	142
6.2以流變性質觀察相分離••••••••••••••••••••••	143
7	SBS改質瀝青形態學分析••••••••••••••••••••	148
8	SBS改質瀝青之工程性質••••••••••••••••••••	152
9	SBS改質瀝青對車轍深度之影響••••••••••••••	156
第五章  瀝青混凝土黏彈模式•••••••••••••••••••••••	159
1	瀝青混凝土鬆弛模數••••••••••••••••••••••••	159
2	時間函數黏彈材料參數••••••••••••••••••••••	162
第六章 瀝青混凝土疲勞特性••••••••••••••••••••••••	165
1	疲勞試驗••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	165
1.1	應變振幅對疲勞壽命的效應•••••••••••••••	165
1.2	溫度對疲勞壽命之效應•••••••••••••••••••	168
1.3	載重頻率對疲勞壽命之效應•••••••••••••••	171
2	應變能量••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	172
3	相位角••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	181
第七章 癒合作用對瀝青混凝土疲勞行為之影響••••••••	184
1	靜置時間對勁度回復效應之影響••••••••••••••	185
2	溫度對勁度回復效應之影響••••••••••••••••••	193
第八章 疲勞模式••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	198
1 	疲勞試驗模式••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	198
2 	疲勞試驗破壞點之定義••••••••••••••••••••••	200
3	疲勞試驗破壞定義的檢討••••••••••••••••••••	204
第九章 結論與建議••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	210
1	結論••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	210
2	建議••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••	212
參考文獻•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••		214
附錄•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••		235

                                    

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