常見的準諧振控制晶片是藉由偵測開關電流變化或使用延遲時間來達到波谷電壓切換，但波谷電壓偵測電路受元件的製程影響而產生誤差。本論文提出一具新型波谷電壓偵測電路之一次側回授準諧振返馳式轉換器控制晶片，採用一次側回授控制可達到較低的電路體積及成本。藉由偵測變壓器輔助繞組的電壓變化，獲得四分之一諧振週期，估算電壓波谷時間，因此本控制晶片可精確偵測波谷電壓達到波谷切換之目的。最後，本控制晶片使用TSMC 0.25 μm CMOS 高壓製程實現並將其應用於一輸入電壓90-264 Vrms，輸出電壓12 V，輸出功率為30 W的返馳式電源轉換器以驗證此控制晶片的可行性。

In quasi-resonant (QR) controller, sensing the current of the power switch and using a delay time are commonly used to detect the valley voltage. However, the accuracy of valley detection in both methods are affected by the variations on manufacturing. In this thesis, a primary-side QR control IC for flyback converter with a novel valley detector is proposed. In order to reduce the size and cost of circuit, the primary-side control is adopted. By sensing the auxiliary winding voltage, the controller detects the quarter of the resonant period, and the time that the voltage across the power switch decreasing to valley is estimated accurately. Finally, this controller is fabricated with TSMC 0.25 μm CMOS high voltage mixed signal general purpose process, and applied to an input voltage of 90-264 Vrms, output voltage of 12 V, and output power of 30 W flyback converter to verify the feasibility of proposed control IC.

[1] T. H. Chen, W. L. Lin, and C. M. Liaw, “Dynamic Modeling and Controller Design of Flyback Converter,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1230-1239, Oct. 1999.
[2] Y. Panov and M. Jovanović, “Small-signal Analysis and Control Design of Isolated Power Supplies with Optocoupler Feedback,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 20, no. 4, pp.823-832, Jul. 2009.
[3] C. J. Chang and C. L. Chen, “An Isolated Output-Feedback Scheme with Minimized Standby Power for SMPS,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 5140-5146, Nov. 2013.
[4] K. Chen, C. C. Chiu, M. Lin, C. P. Yeh, J. M. Lin, and K. H. Chen, “Quasi-Resonant Control with Dynamic Frequency Selector and Constant Current Startup Technique for 92% Peak Efficiency and 85% Light-load Efficiency Flyback Converter,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 4959-4969, May. 2013.
[5] Y. K. Lo, J. Y. Lin, C. F. Wang, and C. Y. Lin, “Analysis and design of a dual-mode flyback converter,” in Sustainable Energy Technologies (ICSET), 2010 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 1-3, Dec. 2010.
[6] M. O'Loughlin, "A hidden limitation in compensating the control loop of an isolated switching power supply," Micro Electronics - China & Taiwan, Aug. 2004.
[7] “TLP250 photocoupler GaAIAs Ired & photo-IC,” TOSHIBA, Jun. 2004.
[8] C. N. Wu, Y. L. Chen, and Y. M. Chen, “Primary-Side Peak Current Measurement Strategy for High-Precision Constant Output Current Control,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 967-975, Feb. 2015.
[9] X. Xie, J. Wang, C. Zhao, Q. Lu, and S. Liu, “A Novel Output Current Estimation and Regulation Circuit for Primary Side Controlled High Power Factor Single-Stage Flyback LED Driver,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 4602-4612, Nov. 2012.
[10] H. H. Chou, Y. S. Hwang, and J. J. Chen, “An Adaptive Output Current Estimation Circuit for a Primary-Side Controlled LED Driver,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 4811-4819, Oct. 2013.
[11] P. L. Huang, D. Chen, C. J. Chen, and Y. M. Chen, “An Adaptive High-Precision Overpower Protection Scheme for Primary-Side Controlled Flyback Converters,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2817-2824, Jan. 2011.
[12] J. Zhang, H. Zeng, and T. Jiang, “A Primary-Side Control Scheme for High-Power-Factor LED Driver with TRIAC Dimming Capability,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 4619-4629, Nov. 2012.
[13] Haaf, Peter, and Jon Harper, “Understanding diode reverse recovery and its effect on switching losses,” Fairchild Semiconductor, 2007.
[14] G. C. Huang, T. J. Liang, and K. H. Chen, “Losses Analysis and Low Standby Losses Quasi-resonant Flyback Converter Design,” in Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2012 IEEE International Symposium, pp. 217-220, 2012.
[15] “UCC28600 8-Pin Quasi Resonant Flyback Green Mode Controller,” Texas Instruments, Jul. 2011.
[16] “NCP1381 Low-Standby High Performance PWM Controller,” ON Semiconductor, 2010.
[17] “LM5023 AC-DC Quasi-Resonant Current Mode PWM Controller,” Texas Instruments, Jan. 2014.
[18] Vu, Tuong Thuy, Stephen O'Driscoll, and John V. Ringwood, “Primary-side sensing for a flyback converter in both continuous and discontinuous conduction mode,” in Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC), IET Irish. IET, pp. 1-6, 2012.
[19] Bernard Keogh, Billy Long, and Joe Leisten, “Design Improvements for Primary-Side-Regulated High-Power Flyback Converters in Continuous-Conduction-Mode,” in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2015. IEEE, pp. 492-497, 2015.
[20] Y. T. Lin, T. J. Liang, and K. H. Chen, “IC Design of Primary-Side Control for Flyback Converter,” in Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), 2013 1st International, pp. 449-453, Nov. 2013.
[21] C. N. Wu, Y. L. Chen, and Y. M. Chen, “Primary-Side Peak Current Measurement Strategy for High-Precision Constant Output Current Control,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 967-975, Feb. 2015.
[22] X. Xie, J. Wang, C. Zhao, Q. Lu, and S. Liu, “A Novel Output Current Estimation and Regulation Circuit for Primary Side Controlled High Power Factor Single-Stage Flyback LED Driver,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 4602-4612, Nov. 2012.
[23] H. H. Chou, Y. S. Hwang, and J. J. Chen, “An Adaptive Output Current Estimation Circuit for a Primary-Side Controlled LED Driver,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 4811-4819, Oct. 2013.
[24] P. L. Huang, D. Chen, C. J. Chen, and Y. M. Chen, “An Adaptive High-Precision Overpower Protection Scheme for Primary-Side Controlled Flyback Converters,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2817-2824, Jan. 2011.
[25] J. Zhang, H. Zeng, and T. Jiang, “A Primary-Side Control Scheme for High-Power-Factor LED Driver with TRIAC Dimming Capability,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 4619-4629, Nov. 2012.
[26] “FSQ510 Green Mode Fairchild Power Switch for Valley Switching Converter,” Fairchild Semiconductor, Jan. 2014.
[27] “NCP1207 PWM Current-Mode Controller for Free Running Quasi-Resonant Operation,” ON Semiconductor, 2010.
[28] P. C. Hsie , C. J. Chang, and C. L. Chen, "A primary-side-control quasi-resonant flyback converter with tight output voltage regulation and self-calibrated valley switching,” in Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2013 IEEE, pp. 3406-3412, 2013.
[29] J. M. Zhang, H. L. Zeng, and X. K. Wu, “An Adaptive Blanking Time Control Scheme for An Audible Noise-Free Quasi-Resonant Flyback Converter,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no.10, pp. 2735-2742, Oct. 2011.
[30] “NCP1337 PWM Current-Mode Controller for Free Running Quasi-Resonant Operation,” ON Semiconductor, 2014.
[31] “AND8266 Designing NCP1337,” ON Semiconductor
[32] J. S. Li, T. J. Liang, K. H. Chen, Y. J. Lu, and J. S. Li, “Primary-Side Controller IC Design for Quasi-Resonant Flyback LED Driver,” in Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2015. IEEE, pp. 5308-5315, Sep. 2015.
[33] Razavi B., Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw-Hill, 2001.
[34] T. C. Carusone, D. Johns, and K. Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, John Wiley & Sons. Inc., 2013.