簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 安莎妮
Neyzsa Amanda
論文名稱: Imanuel Mainang 教會災害應變效能之研究:以 2021 年印度尼西亞 Seroja 熱帶氣旋為例
Research on the Effectiveness of Imanuel Mainang Church Disaster Response in the Case of 2021’s Seroja Tropical Cyclone in Indonesia
指導教授: 楊永年
Yang, Yung-Nane
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 自然災害減災及管理國際碩士學位學程
International Master Program on Natural Hazards Mitigation and Management
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 111
外文關鍵詞: disaster response, information, resources mobilization, stakeholder collaboration, Imanuel Mainang Church, Seroja Tropical Cyclone
相關次數: 點閱:101下載:12
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • The purpose of this research is to explore the effectiveness of disaster response of Imanuel Mainang Church during the 2021 Seroja Tropical Cyclone (TC) through qualitative research. The research framework developed by Yang (2010) was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness. The independent variables including information, resource mobilization, and stakeholder collaboration, were examined to determine how the independent variables affect the effectiveness of the disaster response in terms of efficiency and satisfaction. The research findings revealed the Imanuel Mainang Church played a significant role in the Seroja Tropical Cyclone emergency response. Although early warning information didn’t reach all residents, the Imanuel Mainang Church Pastor successfully communicated with external resources in the aftermath of Seroja TC. Internal resources from Imanuel Mainang Church Pastor efficiently mobilized during emergency response. Additionally, the findings revealed that the effectiveness of disaster response was significantly influenced by experience, trust, and leadership among stakeholders.

    Table of Contents i List of Figures iii List of Tables iv List of Acronyms v Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Motivation 1 1.2 Research Purpose 3 1.3 Definition of Key Terms 3 1.4 Research Framework 7 1.5 Research Background 11 1.5.1 General Overview 11 1.5.2 Background of the Case 13 Chapter 2. Literature Review 16 2.1. Information 16 2.1.1. Efficiency 17 2.1.2. Satisfaction 19 2.2. Resources Mobilization 21 2.2.1 Efficiency 22 2.2.2 Satisfaction 26 2.3. Stakeholder Collaboration 28 2.3.1 Efficiency 28 2.3.2 Satisfaction 31 Chapter 3. Research Design 33 3.1. Research Methods 33 3.2. Interviewees 34 3.3. Question Design 37 3.4. Research Limitations 40 Chapter 4. Research Findings and Discussion 41 4.1. Information 41 4.1.1. Efficiency 41 4.1.2. Satisfaction 47 4.2. Resources Mobilization 50 4.2.1. The Efficiency of Internal Resources 51 4.2.2. The Efficiency of External Resources 55 4.2.3. Satisfaction 57 4.3. Stakeholders Collaboration 59 4.3.1. Efficiency 60 4.3.2. Satisfaction 64 Chapter 5. Conclusion 67 5.1. Conclusion 67 5.2. Suggestion 70 References 73 Appendix 85

    Abdeen, F. N., Fernando, T., Kulatunga, U., Hettige, S., & Ranasinghe, K. D. A. (2021). Challenges in multi-agency collaboration in disaster management: A Sri Lankan perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 62(February), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102399
    Adiyoso, W., & Kanegae, H. (2017). Tsunami Resilient Preparedness Indicators: The Effects of Integrating Religious Teaching and Roles of Religious Leaders. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54466-3_23
    Ahmed, A. (2011). Use of social media in disaster management. International Conference on Information Systems, 5, 41–45.
    Aspers, P., & Corte, U. (2019). What is Qualitative in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Sociology, 42(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-019-9413-7
    Baidhawy, Z. (2015). The role of faith-based organization in coping with disaster management and mitigation Muhammadiyah’s experience. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 9(2), 167–194. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2015.9.2.167-194
    Balcik, B., & Beamon, B. M. (2008). Facility location in humanitarian relief. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 11(2), 101–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675560701561789
    Basher, R., Page, J., Woo, J., Davies, M. L., Synolakis, C. E., Farnsworth, A. F., & Steacey, S. (2006). Global early warning systems for natural hazards: Systematic and people-centred. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 364(1845), 2167–2182. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1819
    Berke, P., Cooper, J., Salvesen, D., Spurlock, D., & Rausch, C. (2011). Building capacity for disaster resiliency in six disadvantaged communities. Sustainability, 3(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3010001
    Bigley, G. A., & Roberts, K. H. (2001). The incident command system: High-realibility for complex and volatile task environments. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1281–1300.
    BNPB. (2015). Indonesia: national progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (2013-2015).
    BNPB. (2021). Indonesia Resilient in Facing Disaster (Vol. 1, Issue 3).
    Boin, A., Hart, P. T., Mcconnell, A., & Preston, T. (2010). Leadership style, crisis response and blame management: The case of hurricane katrina. Public Administration, 88(3), 706–723. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2010.01836.x
    BPS. (2021). Alor Tengah Utara County in Number 2019. https://alorkab.bps.go.id/publication/download.html?nrbvfeve=YzRhZTVmZTUxNTJkMTc3M2IzYjhiNTQy&xzmn=aHR0cHM6Ly9hbG9ya2FiLmJwcy5nby5pZC9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi8yMDE5LzA5LzI2L2M0YWU1ZmU1MTUyZDE3NzNiM2I4YjU0Mi9rZWNhbWF0YW4tYWxvci10ZW5nYWgtdXRhcmEtZGFsYW0tYW5na2EtMjAx
    Braman, L. M., van Aalst, M. K., Mason, S. J., Suarez, P., Ait-Chellouche, Y., & Tall, A. (2013). Climate forecasts in disaster management: Red Cross flood operations in West Africa, 2008. Disasters, 37(1), 144–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2012.01297.x
    Brogt, E., Grimshaw, M., & Baird, N. (2015). Clergy views on their role in city resilience: lessons from the Canterbury earthquakes. Kotuitui, 10(2), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1177083X.2015.1068186
    Cain, D. S., & Barthelemy, J. (2008). Tangible and spiritual relief after the storm: The religious community responds to Katrina. Journal of Social Service Research, 34(3), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488370802086005
    Capell, T., & Ahmed, I. (2021). Improving post-disaster housing reconstruction outcomes in the global south: A framework for achieving greater beneficiary satisfaction through effective community consultation. Buildings, 11(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11040145
    Coles, J. B., Zhuang, J., & Yates, J. (2012). Case study in disaster relief: A descriptive analysis of agency partnerships in the aftermath of the January 12th, 2010 Haitian earthquake. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 46(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2011.08.002
    Comfort, L. K., & Kapucu, N. (2006). Inter-organizational coordination in extreme events: The World Trade Center attacks, September 11, 2001. Natural Hazards, 39(2), 309–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-0030-x
    Djawa, S. A. (2022). Role of Regional Disaster Management Agency in Seroja Cyclone Disaster Management System in Kupang City. Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri, 3(April), 49–58.
    Dunning, K. H. (2020). Building resilience to natural hazards through coastal governance: a case study of Hurricane Harvey recovery in Gulf of Mexico communities. Ecological Economics, 176(June), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106759
    EM-DAT. (2016). Disaster profile: Indonesia.
    Gazley, B., & Brudney, J. L. (2007). The purpose (and perils) of Government-nonprofit partnership. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 36(3), 389–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764006295997
    GMIT. (2015). Profile GMIT. https://sinodegmit.or.id/
    Gopalakrishnan, C., & Okada, N. (2007). Designing new institutions for implementing integrated disaster risk management: Key elements and future directions. Disasters, 31(4), 353–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.01013.x
    Gulati, R., Puranam, P., & Tushman, M. (2012). The Effect of Firm Compensation Structures on the Mobility and Entrepreneurship of Extreme Performers. Strategic Management Journal, 33(October), 571–586. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.1975
    Guo, C., & Acar, M. (2005). Understanding collaboration among nonprofit organizations: Combining resource dependency, institutional, and network perspectives. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 34(3), 340–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764005275411
    Haddow, G. D., Bullock, J. A., & Coppola, D. P. (2008). Introduction to Emergency Management (Butterworth-Heinemann Homeland Security Series). Elsevier Science Limited.
    Harrald, J. R. (2006). Agility and Discipline: Critical Success Factors for Disaster Response. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 604(1), 256–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716205285404
    Hong, L., Fu, C., Wu, J., & Frias-Martinez, V. (2018). Information Needs and Communication Gaps between Citizens and Local Governments Online during Natural Disasters. Information Systems Frontiers, 20(5), 1027–1039. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-018-9832-0
    Jannatunnisa, L. (2021). Analysis of Multi-scale Meteorological Parameter Triggering Seroja Tropical Cyclone and Its Effect on Extreme Rainfall Over Nusa Tenggara Timur. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0308-3
    Kapucu, N., Arslan, T., & Demiroz, F. (2010). Collaborative emergency management and national emergency management network. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 19(4), 452–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653561011070376
    Kapucu, N., Augustin, M. E., & Garayev, V. (2009). Interstate partnerships in emergency management: Emergency management assistance compact in response to catastrophic disasters. Public Administration Review, 69(2), 297–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2008.01975.x
    Kartez, J. D. (1995). Factors Promoting Comprehensive Local Government Hazards Management. Scholar Commons, 31, 81.
    Khalid, M. S., Mustaffa, C. S., Marzuki, M. N., Sakdan, M. F., Sipon, S., Ariffin, M. T., & Shafiai, S. (2015). Failure to react positively to flood early warning systems: Lessons learned by flood victims from flash flood disasters: The Malaysia experience. International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation, 9(5), 9–14. http://repo.uum.edu.my/15225/1/Fai.pdf
    Khan, H., Vasilescu, L., & Khan, A. (2008). Disaster management cycle - a theoretical approach. Management & Marketing - Craiova, 1, 43–50. www.ceeol.com
    Khan, S. N. (2014). Qualitative Research Method: Grounded Theory. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(11), 224–233. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v9n11p224
    Korsgaard, M. A., Schweiger, D. M., & Sapienza, H. J. (1995). Building Commitment, Attachment, and Trust in Strategic Decision-Making Teams: The Role of Procedural Justice. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 60–84. https://doi.org/10.5465/256728
    Kusumasari, B., & Alam, Q. (2012). Bridging the gaps: The role of local government capability and the management of a natural disaster in Bantul, Indonesia. Natural Hazards, 60(2), 761–779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-0016-1
    Latos, B., Peyrille, P., Toulouse, U. De, Flatau, M., Flatau, P., Riama, N. F., Rydbeck, A., & Matthews, A. (2021). The role of tropical waves in the genesis of Tropical Cyclone Seroja - one of the rst tropical cyclones to significantly impact Indonesian land. Springer Nature.
    Leal Filho, W., & Kovaleva, M. (2015). Research Methods. Environmental Science and Engineering, 5(3), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10906-0_5
    Lichterman, J. D. (2000). A “community as resource” strategy for disaster response. Public Health Reports, 115(2–3), 262–265.
    Liu, B. F., Fraustino, J. D., & Jin, Y. (2016). Social Media Use During Disasters: How Information Form and Source Influence Intended Behavioral Responses. Communication Research, 43(5), 626–646. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650214565917
    Magis, K. (2010). Community resilience: An indicator of social sustainability. Society and Natural Resources, 23(5), 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920903305674
    Makmur, E., Fitria, W., Praja, A., Rahayu, S., Pratama, B., Sudewi, R., & Harsa, H., Kurniawan, R., Hutapea, T., Habibie, M. (2021). Strengthening 477 the Early Detection and Tracking of Tropical Cyclones near Indonesian 478 Water. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 925, 012010.
    Marple, B. F., Fornadley, J. A., Patel, A. A., Fineman, S. M., Fromer, L., Krouse, J. H., Lanier, B. Q., & Penna, P. (2007). Keys to successful management of patients with allergic rhinitis: Focus on patient confidence, compliance, and satisfaction. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 136(6S), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2007.02.031
    Meier, P. (2010). The Unprecedented Role of SMS in Disaster Response: Learning from Haiti. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 30(2), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.2010.0009
    Moynihan, D. P. (2009). The Response to Hurricane Katrina. In International Risk Governance Council. Geneva (Issue June). http://irgc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Hurricane_Katrina_full_case_study_web.pdf%5CnMoynihan 2009 - The response to Hurricane Katrina.pdf%5Cnhttp://irgc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Hurricane_Katrina_full_case_study_web.pdf TS - RIS
    Muaafa, M., Concho, A. L., & Ramirez-marquez, J. E. (2014). Emergency Resource Allocation for Disaster Response: An Evolutionary Approach.
    Muller, V. M., Burke, R. V., Berg, B. M., Lin, A. C., & Upperman, J. S. (2014). A mixed-methods pilot study of disaster preparedness and resiliency among faith-based organizations. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 29(2), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X14000120
    O’Connor, A. M., Bennett, C., Stacey, D., Barry, M. J., Col, N. F., Eden, K. B., Entwistle, V., Fiset, V., Holmes-Rovner, M., Khangura, S., Llewellyn-Thomas, H., & Rovner, D. R. (2007). Do patient decision aids meet effectiveness criteria of the international patient decision aid standards collaboration? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medical Decision Making, 27(5), 554–574. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X07307319
    Oerlemans, J., Anderson, B., Hubbard, A., Huybrechts, P., Jóhannesson, T., Knap, W. H., Schmeits, M., Stroeven, A. P., Van De Wal, R. S. W., Wallinga, J., & Zuo, Z. (1998). Modelling the response of glaciers to climate warming. Climate Dynamics, 14(4), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050222
    Oh, N., Okada, A., & Comfort, L. K. (2014). Building Collaborative Emergency Management Systems in Northeast Asia: A Comparative Analysis of the Roles of International Agencies. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(1), 94–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2013.863639
    Organization, W. M. (2010). Guidelines on Early Warning Systems and Application of Nowcasting and Warning Operations. In WMO (Issue 1559). http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/amp/pwsp/publicationsguidelines_en.htm
    Pant, A. T., Kirsch, T. D., Subbarao, I. R., Hsieh, Y. H., & Vu, A. (2008). Faith-based organizations and sustainable sheltering operations in mississippi after Hurricane Katrina: Implications for informal network utilization. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 23(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X00005550
    Peek, L., Sutton, J., & Gump, J. (2008). Caring for Children in the Aftermath of Disaster: The Church of the Brethren Children’s Disaster Services Program. Child. Youth Environ., 18(1), 408–421. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.18.1.0408
    Pipa, T. (2006). Weathering the storm: The role of local nonprofits in the HurricaneKatrina relief effort. In Nonprofit Sector Research Fund of the Aspen Institute. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04468-2_25
    Qodir, S. A. (2021). Community Institution Wisdom Alor Church during the Disaster.
    Roy, C., Sarkar, S. K., Åberg, J., & Kovordanyi, R. (2015). The current cyclone early warning system in Bangladesh: Providers’ and receivers’ views. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 12, 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.02.004
    Salamon, L. M. (1987). Of Market Failure, Voluntary Failure, and Third-Party Government: Toward a Theory of Government-Nonprofit Relations in the Modern Welfare State. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 16, 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/089976408701600104
    Schneider, S. K. (1992). Governmental Response to Disasters: The Conflict between Bureaucratic Procedures and Emergent Norms. Public Administration Review, 52(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.2307/976467
    Schneider, S. K. (2005). Administrative breakdowns in the governmental response to hurricane Katrina. Public Administration Review, 65(5), 515–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00478.x
    Shaluf, I. M. (2007). Disaster types. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 16(5), 704–717. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560710837019
    Shaw, R., Kakuchi, S., & Yamaji, M. (2021). Media and Disaster Risk Reduction. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0285-6_1
    Sheikhi, R. A., Seyedin, H., Qanizadeh, G., & Jahangiri, K. (2020). Role of Religious Institutions in Disaster Risk: A Systematic Review. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 145, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.145
    Shibin Tad, M. C., & Janardhanan, K. A. (2014). The Role of Information System in Disaster Management. International Journal of Management and Social Sciences ResearchExplore International Research Journal Consortium, 3(1), 2319–4421.
    Simo, G., & Bies, A. L. (2007). The role of nonprofits in disaster response: An expanded model of cross-sector collaboration. Public Administration Review, 67(SUPPL. 1), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00821.x
    Simpson, D. M. (2002). Earthquake drills and simulations in community-based training and preparedness programmes. Disasters, 26(1), 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00191
    Skertich, R. L., Johnson, D. E. A., & Comfort, L. K. (2013). A Bad Time for Disaster: Economic Stress and Disaster Resilience. Administration and Society, 45(2), 145–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399712451884
    Somers, S., & Svara, J. H. (2009). Assessing and managing environmental risk: Connecting local government management with emergency management". Academic-Practicioner Exchange, 69(2), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2008.01964_1.x
    Son, J., Azis, Z., & Pena-Mora, F. (2007). Supporting disaster response and recovery through improved situation awareness. Supporting Disaster Response and Recovery, 26(5), 411–425. https://doi.org/10.1108/02630800810922757
    Sowa, J. E. (2009). The collaboration decision in nonprofit organizations: Views from the front line. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38(6), 1003–1025. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764008325247
    Steckler, A., Mcleroy, K. R., Goodman, R. M., Bird, S. T., & Mccormick, L. (1992). Toward Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: An Introduction. Health Education & Behavior, 19(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819201900101
    Surinati, D., & Kusuma, D. A. (2018). Characteristics and Impacts of Tropical Cyclones Growing Around the Territory of Indonesia. Oseana, 43(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2018.vol.43no.2.16
    Susilowati Endang, N. S. A. (2021). Increasing Awarenese GKJTU Kembang Community through Counseling Health Protocol COVID-19 in Salat Tiga. Pelita Servant of the Community, 1(2), 65–70.
    Tangketasik, F. (2022). Performance of Regional Disaster Management Agency in the Distribution of Seroja Cyclone Disaster Assistance in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province. In Institute Pemerintah Dalam Negeri.
    Telaumbanua, M. D. C., Purnama, D. H., & Yanti, M. (2018). The Role of the Facilitator in Child Empowerment Through the Wahana Visi Indonesia Program in the Gunung Sitoli, Nias, North Sumatera. Journal of Media Sociology in the Field of Social Sciences, 21(41–50), 1–10.
    Trader-Leigh, K. (2008). Understanding the role of African American churches and clergy in community crisis response. In Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies …. http://www.jointcenter.org/hpi/sites/all/files/UnderstandingRoleofChurches.pdf
    Tribuana. (2021). This is the Identity of Dozens of Victims of the Alor NTT disaster who died and disappeared. Tribuana Pos, 1. https://tribuanapos.net/2021/04/07/ini-identitas-puluhan-korban-bencana-alor-ntt-yang-meninggal-dan-hilang/
    Twigg, J. (1999). The Age of Accountability?: Future Community Involvement in Disaster Reduction. The Australian Journal of Emergency Managementnagement, 51–58.
    Twigg, J., & Greig, B. (2003). Bangladesh cyclone 1991 21 Nepal glacial lake outburst 1997 22 6 Problems in Understanding 22 7 Improved Communications 23 8 Conclusion: Towards Consumer Choice. Early Warning System for Natural Disaster Reduction, 19–26.
    Veronica, F., Koly, L., Mooli, A. N., Matoneng, N. A., Sulumasi, I. Y., Jilbert, P., & Pulla, M. (2021). Education on the Hazards of Plastic Waste with Storytelling Methods to Children Affected by Tropical Cyclone Seroja in Waisika Village, Alor Regency. JAMSI, 1(2), 373–378.
    Waring, S., Alison, L., Carter, G., Barrett-Pink, C., Humann, M., Swan, L., & Zilinsky, T. (2018). Information sharing in interteam responses to disaster. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(3), 591–619. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12217
    Warsono, H., & Buchari, A. (2019). Collaboration in Emergency Response. In Trim Komunikata (Issue 248).
    Waugh Jr, W. L., & Streib, G. (2006). Collaboration and Leadership for Effective Leadership. Public Administration Review, 66(S1), 131–140.
    Widiastomo, Y. (2021). Early Warning Information of Seroja Tropicla Cyclone Extreme Weather.
    Witesman, E., & Heiss, A. (2017). Nonprofit Collaboration and the Resurrection of Market Failure: How a Resource-Sharing Environment Can Suppress Social Objectives. Voluntas, 28(4), 1500–1528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-016-9684-5
    Wolkin, A. F., Schnall, A. H., Nakata, N. K., & Ellis, E. M. (2019). Getting the message out: Social media and word-of-mouth as effective communication methods during emergencies. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 34(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X1800119X
    Yang, Y. (2010). 7 The 9/21 earthquake in Taiwan: a local government disaster rescue system. Disasters, 34(1), 112–137.
    Yang, Y. N. (2016). The nuclear disaster management system in Taiwan: a case study of the third (Maanshan) nuclear power plant. Disasters, 40(3), 534–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12165
    Zhang, N., Huang, H., Su, B., Zhao, J., & Zhang, B. (2014). Information dissemination analysis of different media towards the application for disaster pre-warning. PLOS ONE, 9(5), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098649

    下載圖示 校內:立即公開
    校外:立即公開
    QR CODE