質子交換膜燃料電池已逐漸應用於電動載具中，由於質子交換膜燃料電池無法提供瞬間較大的電流，因此常需配合鋰電池及超級電容以提供較大的瞬時電流，鋰電池又可於質子交換膜燃料電池功率不足或無功率輸出時，提供額外的能量給負載。本論文提出兩種使用交錯式控制技術之降/昇壓式直流-直流轉換器電路，應用於燃料電池與鋰電池複合電能系統。使用交錯式控制技術之轉換器，相較於傳統單一轉換器，具有較低的輸入及輸出電容漣波電流，以提升複合電能系統的效能，亦可減少輸入與輸出的電容器值。論文首先提出一非反相降/昇壓型轉換器電路，此電路可以將燃料電池能量轉換至直流匯流排並供應能量給負載。所提出轉換器是整合兩個非反相降/昇壓轉換器，此轉換器可解決傳統反相降/昇壓型轉換器共地問題，並可以減少使用開關及二極體元件之數量。再利用交錯控制技術而成，以減低輸出電流之漣波。文中首先詳細討論所提錯相控制非反相降/昇壓轉換器的操作原理及穩態電路分析，最後並以電路實作以驗證電路分析之可行性，轉換器的輸入電壓為24~45 V，輸出為28 V/800W，並使用同步整流技術來提昇轉換器之整體效率。
本文亦同時提出三埠非反相降/昇壓式直流-直流轉換器，此電路主要是作為複合電能系統之輔助電源，非反相降/昇壓式直流-直流轉換器，此電路將電路中的兩個電感整合為一耦合電感，因此可由燃料電池的能量經由轉換器對鋰電池充電，亦可由電池提供能量至直流匯流排。並利用能量控制之觀念，控制燃料電池提供給直流匯流排與鋰電池能量及電池的放電能量。當燃料電池的供電能量不足時，可將鋰電池組的能量提供至直流匯流排上;當燃料電池可提供足夠的能量給負載時，可依據鋰電池的電量對電池作適當的充電。文中討論並分析所提三埠非反相降/昇壓式直流-直流轉換器的操作原理及穩態電路分析，並以實作電路驗證電路分析之可行性，燃料電池的電壓為24~45 V，鋰電池的電壓為24 V/10 Ah。再利用數位信號處理晶片(dsPIC30F4011)作為電能管理之核心，藉以管理本文所提的兩種轉換器，控制複合電能系統轉換器之間電力潮流，以調整質子交換膜燃料電池、鋰電池組、及負載間的能量，驗證與實現整體系統的效能。

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs) are widely used in electrical vehicle systems. Since the PEM FCs can not provide very high levels of instant current to the load, lithium batteries and supercapacitors are usually used in combination with the FCs to provide higher instant power to the load. In addition, the lithium battery and supercapacitor can also supply extra energy to the load when the PEM FCs can not provide enough. In this dissertation, two types of buck/boost DC - DC converters with interleaved control techniques are proposed for the PEM FC, lithium battery, and supercapacitor hybrid energy system. The ripple current on the input and output can be reduced by using interleaved control, compared with the traditional single converter topology. Thus, the overall performance of the interleaved control can be improved with a smaller-sized capacitor. The proposed novel non-inverting buck/boost converter is used to transfer the PEM FC energy to the DC-bus and also provide energy to the load. The common ground issue can be solved by the proposed non-inverting buck/boost converter. In addition, the output power can be increased with the interleaved control technique. The counts of power switches and diodes can also be decreased by the integrated converter. The operating principles and steady-state analysis of the proposed non-inverting buck/boost converter are discussed in detail. Finally, a laboratory prototype is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed converter; the FC output voltage is 24~45 V and the output is 28 V/800 W. Synchronous rectifiers are also adopted to improve the system efficiency.
This dissertation also proposes a three-ports interleaved buck/boost DC - DC converter, which transfers energy from the FC to the lithium battery, and from the lithium battery to the DC-bus voltage by using an integrated coupled inductor. A digital signal processor (dsPIC30F4011) is also adopted to control the power flow. When the FC can not provide sufficient energy to the load, the lithium battery energy and supercapacitor will supply extra to the load. When the FC supplies sufficient energy, the digital signal processor (DSP) can also control the proposed three-ports converter to charge the battery appropriately. The operating principles and steady-state analysis of the proposed three ports non-inverting buck/boost converter are discussed in detail. A laboratory prototype is implemented with an FC output voltage of 24~45 V and battery output of 24 V/ 10Ah. The DSP is used to control the proposed two converters to manage the energy among the FC, lithium battery, and load. A laboratory prototype is implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converters.

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