未量測集水區（ungauged catchments）為近年來水文模式研究與應用之重點。而台灣以往估算未量測集水區之流量歷線常使用無因次單位歷線法來模擬。本研究擬提出另一套替代方法，首先乃綜合暴雨事件與流域內集水區特性，針對三個流量歷線重要特性參數（即尖峰流量、尖峰發生時刻與總逕流體積）建立區域關係。本研究以高屏溪流域為研究區域，將其內八個子集水區挑選出26場暴雨事件進行流量歷線重要特性參數之區域分析。主要利用雨量及雨型之重要參數並且搭配數值高程模式（DTM）與地理資訊系統（GIS）軟體所建立之地文因子，建構三個流量歷線重要參數之區域公式。於驗證過程中，採用交叉輪流驗證方法，發現可合理模擬未量測集水區之流量歷線重要參數。進一步利用此三目標函數值配合分布型降雨-逕流模式，使用模糊多目標函數率定方法完成模式參數之率定，以推求未量測集水區完整之流量歷線，比傳統無因次單位歷線法有較好之模擬結果。

　　Recently, many researches have paid much attention on hydrological model in ungauged catchments. In the past, method of dimensionless unit hydrograph is often used on hydrological prediction in ungauged catchments of Taiwan. The study aims to provide other substitute method. First, to develop the regional relationships for three important characteristics of hydrograph, i.e. time to peak, peak flow, and total runoff volume respectively, using the characteristics of storm event and catchment. Twenty-six storm events from eight sub-catchments in Kao-Ping River basin provided the analysis data in the study area. The characteristics and physiographic factors of studied catchments, which are generated using both DTM and GIS software, are used to develop the regional formula for these three important hydrograph parameters. The cross validation results reveal that the method proposed in this work can reasonably simulate the parameters of hydrograph at ungauged catchments. Then, the three important hydrograph parameters were further applied to the distributed rainfall-runoff model calibration with fuzzy multi-objective function. Finally, the hydrograph of unguaged catchments can be obtained and the result has a better performance on hydrograph simulation than tradition method of dimensionless unit hydrograph.

1. 台灣水文資料電腦檔應用之研究，「全省各流域代表之無因次單位歷線推求」，台灣省水利局，1992。
2. 台灣水文資料電腦檔應用之研究，「三角形單位歷線參數之研究」，台灣省水利局，1993。
3. 台灣省水土保持局，「全台灣山坡地土壤數位化資料」。
4. 台灣省農業試驗所，「全台灣平地土壤數位化資料」。
5. 吳英陵，「遙測技術在土地利用調查上之應用」，航空測量以及遙感探測，24:pp.25~74。
6. 呂政璋，「降雨-逕流模式模糊多目標率定及視窗化」，碩士論文，國立成功大學水利暨海洋工程研究所，2001。
7. 陳信彰，「分佈型降雨-逕流模式之不確定性與敏感度分析」，碩士論文，國立成功大學水利暨海洋工程研究所，1995。
8. 郭振民，「應用遙測與地理資訊系統於分佈型降雨-逕流模式之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學水利暨海洋工程研究所，1998。
9. 陳姜琦，「應用衛星遙測於區域蒸發散量之估算」，碩士論文，國立成功大學水利暨海洋工程研究所，2002。
10. 郭俊超，「鹽水溪上游土地改變影響及非工程減洪方法評估」，碩士論文，國立成功大學水利暨海洋工程研究所，2003。
11. 游保杉、王毓麒、郭俊超，「防洪示範區淹水境況模擬與決策支援系統之研究（二）-鹽水溪流域上游丘陵集水區降雨逕流分析（二）」，國科會計畫報告，2002。
12. 游保杉、王毓麒、郭俊超、呂政璋，「視窗化分布型降雨-逕流模式於鹽水溪之應用」台灣水利季刊，第五十卷，第一期，第51-59頁，2002。
13. 經濟部水利署，「因應環境變遷之水文規劃設計研究」，台灣大學生物環境系統工程學系，2003。
14. 劉光武，「分佈型降雨-逕流模式之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學水利暨海洋工程研究所，1991。
15. 鄭玉萩，「格網式分佈型降雨-逕流模式之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學水利暨海洋工程研究所，1995。
16. Burn, D.H. and Boorman D.B., “Estimation of hydrological parameter at ungauged catchment”, Journal of Hydrology, 143（3-4）, pp.429-454, 1993.
17. Dutta, D., Herath, S, Musiake and K., “Flood inundation simulation in a river basin using a physically based distributed hydrologic model”, Hydorlogical processes, 14, pp.497-519, 2000.
18. Jakeman, A.J., Littlewood I.G. and Whitehead P.G., “Computation of the instantaneous unit hydrograph and identifiable component flows with application to two small upland catchment”, Journal of Hydrology, 117, pp. 175-300, 1990.
19. Jin Chang-Xing, “Determation of basin lag time in rainfall-runoff investigations”, Hydrological Processes, Vol.7, pp. 449-457, 1993
20. Jayasuriya, L.N.N., McMahon T.A., O’Neill I.C. and Nathan R.J., “Methodology for estimation streamflow yield from small rural catchments”, National Conference Publication-Institution of Engineers, Australia, 3（94）, IE Aust, Crow Nest, NSW, Aust., pp.33-38, 1994.
21. Melone F., Corradini C. and Singh V. P., “Simulation of the direct runoff hydrograph at basin outlet”, Hydrological Processes, 12, pp.769-779, 1998.
22. Melone F., Corradini C. and Singh V. P., “Lag prediction in unguaged basins: an investigation through actual of the upper Tiber River valley”, Hydrological Processes, Vol.16, 1085-1094, 2002.
23. Nicasio Sepulveda, “Application of Two Direct Runoff Prediction Methods in Puerto Rico”, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, pp.10-17, January 1996.
24. Nasri S., Cudennec C., Albergel J.and Berndtsson R., “Use of a geomorphological transfer function to model design flood in small hillside catchments in semiarid Tunisia”, Journal of Hydrology, vol. 287, 197-213, 2004.
25. Rango and A., “Assessment of Remote Sensing Input to Hydrologic Model”, Water Resources Bulletin, 21(3): pp. 423-432, 1985.
26. Richard H. McCuen, Member, ASCE and Benjamin S. Levy, “Evaluation of Peak Discharge Transposition”, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, pp.278-289, 2000.
27. Singh V.P., “Mathematical Modelling of Watershed Runoff”, International Conference on Water Resources Eng., Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 10-13, 1978.
28. Singh V.P. and Aminian H., “An empirical relation between volume and peak of direct runoff”, Water Resources Bulletin, 22:725-730, 1986.
29. Singh V.P., Hill J.M., and H. Aminian, “A Computerized Data Base for Flood Prediction Modeling”, Water Resources Bulletin, 23(1): pp. 21-27, 1987.
30. Schultz and A.G., “Remote Sensing in Hydrology”, Journal of Hydrology, 100: pp. 239-265, 1988.
31. Schumann and A.H., “Development of Conceptual Semi-Distributed Hydrological Models and Estimation of their Parameters with the Aid of GIS”, Hydrological Science, 38(6): pp. 519-528, 1993.
32. Sorman A. U., “Estimation of Peak Discharge Using GIUH Model in Saudi Arabia”, Journal of water resources planning and management, pp.287-293, August 1995.
33. Sefton, C.E.M. and D.B. Boorman, “A regional investigation of climate change impacts on UK streamflows”, Journal of Hydrology, 195, pp. 26-44, 1997.
34. Tao, T. and Kouwen N., “Remote Sensing and Fully Distributed Modelling for Flood Foresting”, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 115(6): pp. 809-823, 1988.
35. Tommy S. W. Wong, Member and ASCE “Time of Concentration and Peak Discharge Formulas for Planes Series”, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, pp.256-258, August 1996.
36. Vulli L. Gupta, A. M. ASCE and Syed A. Moin, “Surface Runoff Hydrograph Equation”, Journal of the Hydrauulics Division, HY10, 1353-1368, 1974.
37. Watt, W, E., Chow and K. C. A., “A general expression for basin lag time”, Can. J. Eng., 12, pp.294-300, 1985.
38. Yu B., Rose C. W., Ciesiolka C. C. A. and Cakurs U., “The relationship between runoff rate and lag time and the effects of surface treatments at the plot scale”, Hydroloical Sciences-Journal-des Sciences Hydrologiques, 45(5), pp.709-726, October 2000. (Revised)
39. Yu Pao-Shan, Tao-Chang Yang, Yu-Chi Wang, and Chen-Min Kuo, “Fuzzy Multi-Objective Function’s Potential for Rainfall-Runoff Model Calibration at Ungauged Areas”, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, ASCE, 2002.