簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 郭冠祥
Kuo, Kuan-Hsiang
論文名稱： 基於儲能及電動車排程之儲能與契約容量最佳化
Optimal Sizing of ESS and Contract Capacity Based on Scheduling of ESS and EVs
指導教授： 楊宏澤
Yang, Hong-Tzer
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2020
畢業學年度： 108
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 75
中文關鍵詞： 儲能系統 、電動車 、契約容量 、容量最佳化 、儲能系統充/放電排程 、電動車充/放電排程 、k-means分群法 、線性規劃 、吸引排斥粒子群演算法
外文關鍵詞： energy storage system(ESS), electric vehicles(EVs), contract capacity, optimal sizing, optimal scheduling of ESS, optimal scheduling of EVs, vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle (V2G/G2V), k-means, linear programming, attractive and repulsive particle swarm optimization(ARPSO)
相關次數： 點閱：167  下載：0 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 儲能系統之建置能減緩再生能源間歇性及電動車大量充電需求等問題，但因其建置成本高昂，如何選擇合理之容量並配合適當之契約容量對其進行最大利益操作，以減少微電網整體營運成本並同時穩定微電網運作，為本論文研究目標。
    本論文提出於10年長期規劃下，微電網儲能系統容量及契約容量之最佳化方法，並考慮集中式儲能系統充放電最佳化排程及電動車雙向充放電(G2V/V2G)最佳化排程，在配合微電網整體負載進行充/放電以抑低負載尖峰的同時，達到滿足電動車使用者之充電需求及最小化微電網整體成本之目標。
    於模擬結果中則考慮不同太陽能發電系統容量、充電樁數量及三段式/兩段式時間電價對最佳化結果之影響，進行儲能系統容量、契約容量、電動車充電站營運利潤、儲能系統操作利潤及微電網整體成本之比較。由結果中可得知，在本文所使用之負載型態下使用兩段式時間電價，並同時裝設最佳之儲能系統容量對其進行最佳化充/放電排程，將使微電網整體成本平均減少22.78%。

    The installation of the energy storage system(ESS) can mitigate the problems which are caused by the intermittency of renewable energy system(RES) and the massive charging demand of electric vehicles(EVs). However, due to the high investment cost of ESS, how to choose a reasonable capacity and cooperate with the appropriate contract capacity to operate it in the best interests to reduce the overall cost of the microgrid and stabilize the operation simultaneously is the primary goal of this thesis.
    Therefore, we propose a size optimization method for ESS and contract capacity in the microgrid to optimize the investment cost. At the same time, it considers the centralized optimal schedule for charging/discharging ESS and EVs’ grid-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-grid (G2V/V2G) program so as to optimize the operation cost. In this way, the microgrid can not only shed the peak load but also satisfy the charging demand for every EV user. In the simulation results, we consider the different photovoltaic(PV) capacity, number of EV chargers and electricity price mechanism to compare the size of ESS, contract capacity and overall cost in the microgrid.
    From the simulation results, it will bring a positive influence to the microgrid when applies 2-stage time-of-use(TOU) mechanism and installs the ESS. The overall cost of microgrid reduces by an average of 22.78%.

    摘要 I EXTENDED ABSTRACT II 致謝 VI 目錄 VII 圖目錄 XI 表目錄 XIII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.3 研究方法與貢獻 4 1.4 論文架構 5 第二章 微電網系統架構 6 2.1 簡介 6 2.2 系統介紹 6 2.2.1 系統架構 6 2.2.2 架構中各參與角色介紹 7 2.3 鋰電池儲能系統 8 2.4 電動車充電樁 9 2.5 電力市場 11 2.5.1 時間電價 11 2.5.2 契約容量 13 2.5.3 電動車充電費用 14 第三章 最佳化儲能系統及契約容量方法 15 3.1 簡介 15 3.2 儲能系統及契約容量最佳化問題描述 15 3.2.1 微電網建置成本 15 3.2.2 儲能系統操作成本 17 3.2.3 儲能系統限制式 20 3.2.4 電動車充電站營運成本 21 3.2.5 電動車充電站限制式 22 3.2.6 微電網限制式 24 3.2.7 目標函式 25 3.3 最佳化方法描述 26 3.3.1 儲能系統容量及契約容量最佳化整體流程 26 3.3.2 k-means分群演算法 27 3.3.3 吸引排斥粒子群演算法 30 3.3.4 集中式最佳化排程方法 35 3.3.5 線性規劃 37 第四章 案例模擬與結果分析 40 4.1 簡介 40 4.2 模擬系統相關參數 40 4.2.1 微電網相關參數 40 4.2.2 儲能系統相關參數 42 4.2.3 電動車充電站相關參數 42 4.2.4 模擬資料代表天選擇 45 4.3 系統模擬結果分析 47 4.3.1 採三段式TOU並裝設儲能之最佳化結果 47 4.3.2 採三段式TOU未裝設儲能之最佳化結果 54 4.3.3 採三段式TOU裝設儲能與否之結果比較 56 4.3.4 採兩段式TOU並裝設儲能之最佳化結果 56 4.3.5 採兩段式TOU未裝設儲能之最佳化結果 63 4.3.6 採兩段式TOU裝設儲能與否之結果比較 64 4.3.7 整體結果比較 65 第五章 結論與未來研究方向 68 5.1 結論 68 5.2 未來研究方向 69 參考文獻 70

    [1] 2019 RE100 進展報告，全球企業迎來綠電需求創新高峰，[Online]. Available: https://www.re100.org.tw/2019-report [Accessed 4 Jun. 2020].
    [2] 智慧電網推動小組，智慧電網總體方案-核定本，109年2月修正
    [3] Market Research Future, “Electric Vehicle (EV) Market Research Report - Global Forecast till 2025”, July 2019, [Online]. Available: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/electric-vehicles-market-1793 [Accessed 21 May. 2020].
    [4] E. Veldman and R. A. Verzijlbergh, “Distribution Grid Impacts of Smart Electric Vehicle Charging From Different Perspectives,” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 333-342, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2355494.
    [5] P. M. de Quevedo, G. Muñoz-Delgado, and J. Contreras, "Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Expansion Planning of Distribution Systems Considering Renewable Energy, Storage, and Charging Stations," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 794-804, Jan.2019, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2752303.
    [6] M. Tabari and A. Yazdani, "An Energy Management Strategy for a DC Distribution System for Power System Integration of Plug-In Electric Vehicles," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 659-668, March 2016, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2424323.
    [7] Z. Liu, Q. Wu, M. Shahidehpour, C. Li, S. Huang, and W. Wei, "Transactive Real-Time Electric Vehicle Charging Management for Commercial Buildings With PV On-Site Generation," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 4939-4950, Sept.2019, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2018.2871171.
    [8] W. Shi, N. Li, C. Chu, and R. Gadh, "Real-Time Energy Management in Microgrids," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 228-238, Jan.2017, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2462294.
    [9] X. Ke, N. Lu, and C. Jin, "Control and Size Energy Storage Systems for Managing Energy Imbalance of Variable Generation Resources," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 70-78, Jan.2015, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2014.2355829.
    [10] Y. Yang, Q. Ye, L. J.Tung, M. Greenleaf, and H. Li, "Integrated Size and Energy Management Design of Battery Storage to Enhance Grid Integration of Large-Scale PV Power Plants," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 394-402, Jan.2018, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2017.2721878.
    [11] I. Alsaidan, A. Khodaei, and W. Gao, "A Comprehensive Battery Energy Storage Optimal Sizing Model for Microgrid Applications," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 3968-3980, July 2018, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2769639.
    [12] S. Bandyopadhyay, G. R.Chandra Mouli, Z. Qin, L. R. Elizondo, and P. Bauer, "Techno-economical Model based Optimal Sizing of PV-Battery Systems for Microgrids," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2019.2936129.
    [13] R. Atia and N. Yamada, "Sizing and Analysis of Renewable Energy and Battery Systems in Residential Microgrids," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1204-1213, May 2016, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2519541.
    [14] U. Akram, M. Khalid, and S. Shafiq, "An Improved Optimal Sizing Methodology for Future Autonomous Residential Smart Power Systems," IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 5986-6000, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2792451.
    [15] T. A.Nguyen, M. L. Crow, and A. C. Elmore, "Optimal Sizing of a Vanadium Redox Battery System for Microgrid Systems," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 729-737, July 2015, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2404780.
    [16] T. M.Masaud and E. El-Saadany, "Correlating Optimal Size, Cycle Life Estimation, and Technology Selection of Batteries: A Two-Stage Approach for Microgrid Applications," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2019.2921804.
    [17] T. Sayfutdinov et al., "Degradation and Operation-Aware Framework for the Optimal Siting, Sizing and Technology Selection of Battery Storage," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2019.2950723.
    [18] I. N. Moghaddam, B. H. Chowdhury, and S. Mohajeryami, "Predictive Operation and Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage With High Wind Energy Penetration," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 6686-6695, Aug.2018, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2017.2774732.
    [19] S. M.Hakimi, A. Hasankhani, M. Shafie-khah, and J. P. S. Catalão, "Optimal sizing and siting of smart microgrid components under high renewables penetration considering demand response," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 1809-1822, 29 7 2019, doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.6015.
    [20] X. Hu, C. Zou, C. Zhang, and Y. Li, "Technological Developments in Batteries: A Survey of Principal Roles, Types, and Management Needs," IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 20-31, Sept.-Oct.2017, doi: 10.1109/MPE.2017.2708812.
    [21] Kelly, Kay, S. Noblet, and A. Brown, “2019.Best Practices for Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Installations in the National Parks.Golden,” CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.NREL, TP-5400-74806.[Online]. Available: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/74806.pdf [Accessed 21 Jun. 2020].
    [22] 經濟部標準檢驗局，電動車充電系統-介面，[Online]. Available: https://www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1304492266965.pdf [Accessed 4 Jun. 2020].
    [23] A. Díaz and W. Wimmer, “Energy Efficiency of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment – EVSE,” IEA – 4E EDNA, Dec.2017.
    [24] 台達電子工業股份有限公司，DC Wallbox，[Online]. Available: https://filecenter.deltaww.com/Products/Download/08/catalogue/DC%20Wallbox_Leaflet_TW_202002.pdf [Accessed 14 May 2020].
    [25] 台達電子工業股份有限公司，EV Charging DC Wallbox，[Online]. Available: https://filecenter.deltaww.com/Products/Download/08/catalogue/DC%20Wallbox_Leaflet_TW_202002.pdf [Accessed 14 May. 2020].
    [26] 台達電子工業股份有限公司，EV Charging Ultra Fast Charger，[Online]. Available: https://filecenter.deltaww.com/Products/Download/08/catalogue/Ultrs%20Fast%20Charger_Leaflet_201804.pdf [Accessed 14 May. 2020].
    [27] 台灣電力公司，電價表，107年6月26日，[Online]. Available: https://www.taipower.com.tw/upload/238/2018070210412196443.pdf [Accessed 14 April 2020].
    [28] 台灣電力公司，為何電業需要計收基本電費及超約附加費？，[Online]. Available: https://www.taipower.com.tw/TC/faq2_info.aspx?mid=80&id=84&chk=8732447a-0d1b-4888-90b9-f95ed3035019¶m=pn%3d1 [Accessed 14 April 2020].
    [29] 台灣電力公司，電價知識專區，[Online]. Available: https://www.taipower.com.tw/tc/page.aspx?mid=213&cid=352&cchk=52452a93-48e7-47ab-9cd3-b0c6836cf15e [Accessed 14 April 2020].
    [30] National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), “Electric Vehicle Pricing and Payments-Proposed Pricing Structure”, [Online]. Available: https://www.nrel.gov/about/assets/pdfs/proposed-pricing-structure.pdf [Accessed 21 April 2020].
    [31] National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), “Electric Vehicle Pricing and Payments”, [Online]. Available: https://www.nrel.gov/about/ev-charging-stations-pricing.html [Accessed 21 April 2020].
    [32] J. Gorzelany, “What It Costs to Charge An Electric Vehicle”, [Online]. Available: https://www.myev.com/research/ev-101/what-it-costs-to-charge-an-electric-vehicle [Accessed 21 April 2020].
    [33] Blink, “EV Charging Fees”, [Online]. Available: https://www.blinkcharging.com/ev-charging-fee [Accessed 21 April 2020].
    [34] J. MacQueen, “Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations.Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability”, Volume 1: Statistics, 281--297, University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif., 1967.[Online]. Available: https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bsmsp/1200512992 [Accessed 8 May 2020].
    [35] S. Banerjee, A. Choudhary, and S. Pal, "Empirical evaluation of K-Means, Bisecting K-Means, Fuzzy C-Means and Genetic K-Means clustering algorithms," 2015 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE), Dhaka, 2015, pp. 168-172, doi: 10.1109/WIECON-ECE.2015.7443889.
    [36] J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, "Particle swarm optimization," Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth, WA, Australia, 1995, pp. 1942-1948 vol. 4, doi: 10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968..
    [37] J. Riget and J. S. Vesterstrøm, “A Diversity‐Guided Particle Swarm Optimizer ‐ the ARPSO,” EVALife Technical Report, vol. 2, pp. 1‐13, 2002.
    [38] M. A. Arasomwan1 and A. O. Adewumi, “On the Performance of Linear Decreasing Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization for Global Optimization”, The Scientific World Journal Volume 2013, Article ID 860289, 12 pages
    [39] G. B. Dantzig, “Maximization of a Linear Function of Variables Subject to Linear Inequalities”, Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, edited by T.C.Koopmans, John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 339-347, 1951.
    [40] 方述誠，「線性規劃(Linear Programming)」，數學傳播，第十七卷一期，民國82年3月，[Online]. Available: https://web.math.sinica.edu.tw/math_media/d171/17104.pdf [Accessed 21 April 2020].
    [41] OpenEl, “Commercial and Residential Hourly Load Profiles for all TMY3 Locations in the United States”, July 2nd, 2013, [Online]. Available: https://openei.org/doe-opendata/dataset/commercial-and-residential-hourly-load-profiles-for-all-tmy3-locations-in-the-united-states [Accessed 27 April 2020].
    [42] Y. Zhang, “Solar Power Data for Integration Studies”, [Online]. Available: https://www.nrel.gov/grid/solar-power-data.html [Accessed 21 April 2020].
    [43] V. Henze, “Battery Pack Prices Fall As Market Ramps Up With Market Average At $156/kWh In 2019”, BloomNEF, December 3, 2019 [Online]. Available: https://about.bnef.com/blog/battery-pack-prices-fall-as-market-ramps-up-with-market-average-at-156-kwh-in-2019/ [Accessed 21 April 2020].
    [44] 台達電子工業股份有限公司，儲能貨櫃20ft/40ft，[Online]. Available: https://www.deltaww.com/Products/CategoryListT1.aspx?CID=1805&PID=3655&hl=zh-TW&Name=%e5%84%b2%e8%83%bd%e8%b2%a8%e6%ab%83+20ft%2f40ft [Accessed 14 May. 2020].
    [45] J. Smart and S. Schey, “Battery Electric Vehicle Driving and Charging Behavior Observed Early in the EV Project,” Society of Automotive Engineers World Congress 2012, Apr.2012.

    下載圖示 校內：2025-07-28公開
    校外：2025-07-28公開
    QR CODE