在知識經濟時代，企業所面臨為競爭激烈及快速變動環境，產品生命週期短，技術更新日益加快，所以持續的研究發展通常是企業維持成長與競爭力的關鍵，但其投資成本高又充滿高度不確定性，廠商為在最短時間內做出反應，研發策略聯盟成為一種常見的模式，希望透過聯盟網路關係的建立，從合作中學習到新知識與技能。所以本研究旨在探討社會資本、知識管理能力、研發策略聯盟動機與研發績效之間相互影響情形。
本研究採用問卷調查實證方式，以國內製造業為研究對象，問卷發放對象為企業中、高階管理階層主管。針對122份有效回收樣本，在分析方法上，本研究以敘述性統計分析、因素分析、信度分析、複迴歸分析以及結構方程式模式分析等進行資料分析與假設檢定，本研究結果如下：
(一)、社會資本對研發績效無顯著影響。
(二)、社會資本對知識管理能力、研發策略聯盟動機部分有顯著影響。
(三)、知識管理能力之知識取得對研發策略聯盟動機之學習導向有顯著正向影響。
(四)、知識管理能力之知識應用對研發績效有顯著正向影響。
(五)、研發策略聯盟動機之學習導向與策略導向對研發績效有顯著正向的影響。
(六)、社會資本透過研發策略聯盟動機的中介作用，進而影響研發績效。

In the age of knowledge-based economy, enterprises face the environment of fierce competing, rapid change, short product life cycle and high-speed technical advance. Therefore, the continuing research and development becomes the key of growing and competitiveness for enterprises. However, such kind of investment costs high and the result is full of uncertainty. Owing to making response to the market quickly, the strategic alliance becomes the common model adopting by enterprises. These companies hope that they can learn new knowledge and skills through the corporation of alliance's network. The study aims to examine the effects of social capital, knowledge management capability, the motivation of R&D strategic alliance on R&D performance.
122 valid questionnaires answered by the middle and high level of managers in the manufacturing industries of Taiwan were received. The data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) including the research method of factor analysis, coefficient alpha test, descriptive statistics, ANOVA analysis, multiple regression analysis and LISREL.
The major conclusions of the research are: 1) Social capital doesn’t have significant effect on R&D performance. 2) Social capital has positive and significant effects on knowledge management capability and the motivation of R & D strategic alliance. 3) The knowledge acquisition has positive and significant effects on learning orientation. 4) The knowledge application has positive and significant effects on R&D performance. 5) The learning orientation and strategic orientation have positive and significant effects on R&D performance. 6) The social capital has indirect effect on R&D performance through the mediating effect t of the motivation of R&D strategic alliance.

一、中文文獻
1. 王健全(1992)，「產業特性對研發策略聯盟之影響」，台灣經濟研究月刊，頁32-35。
2. 王健全(1993)，「影響台灣製造業共同研發活動之因素及其可行性之探討」,財團法人中華經濟研究院,經濟專論149,台北市，頁1-50。
3. 方世杰(1998)，「國內廠商參與科技專案計畫動機之研究」，中華民國經濟部經濟情事暨評論季刊，第四卷第三期。
4. 方世杰、曾獻惠(1999)，「研發聯盟動機類型與績效之研究--電子資訊業之實證」，亞太管理評論，第四卷第一期，頁63-77。
5. 何雍慶(1990)，「促進中小企業共同研究發展」，經濟部中小企業處。
6. 吳思華(1998)，「知識流通對產業創新的影響」，第七屆產業管理研討會論文集，國立政治大學科技管理研究所，頁2-42。
7. 吳萬益（2000），「企業研究方法」，第二版，華泰文化，台北。
8. 林茂山(2003)，「電子產業市場領導者策略聯盟決策因素與績效之研究」，國立臺北大學企業管理學系博士論文。
9. 陳履任(2005)，「社會資本、組織學習過程及創新績效之關聯研究：以知識可關察性為干擾變項」，義守大學管理研究所碩士論文。
10. 陳亞媛(2001)，「聯盟特性對知識技術移轉績效影響之研究-台灣中小企業之實證分析」，銘傳大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文。
11. 陳芙靜(2002)，「技術行銷策略配合、產品創新性、產品創新績效三者間關係之研究」，國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
12. 粘秀玉(2003)，「研發聯盟形成歷程與運作之研究-社會資本觀點」，國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
13. 許世英(2005)，「以社會資本觀點探討知識流通對創新績效之影響─以科學園區廠商為實證研究」，國立成功大學高階管理管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
14. 張盈盈(2000)，「台灣中小企業技術取得模式之研究」，銘傳大學國企所碩士論文。
15. 張新房(2005)，「策略聯盟夥伴學習成效之研究-以台灣紡織產業為例」，輔仁大學織品服裝學系碩士論文。
16. 黃佑安(1997)，「企業創新能力對新產品研發過程影響之研究」，國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
17. 萬家慶(2004)，「模糊多評準決策應用於研發聯盟發展策略評估之研究—以我國中小企業為例」，中原大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
18. 齊思賢譯(2000)，Benjamin Gomes-Casseres著，「策略聯盟新紀元」，先覺出版社，台北。
19. 蔡敦浩(1992)，「國際企業策略性結盟與科技移轉－開發中國家的觀點」，1991年產業科技研究發展管理研討會。
20. 劉水深(1986)，「我國現行研究發展制度對企業研究發展活動影響之研究」，國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
21. 劉真如譯(2002)，Peter F. Drucker著，「下一個社會」，商周出版社，台北。
22. 劉京偉譯（2000），勤業管理顧問公司著，「知識管理的第一本書」，商周出版社，台北。
23. 顏春華(1998)，「製造業技術網路之建構與創新績效關聯之研究」，國立成功大學國企所碩士論文。
24. 謝龍發(1993)，「我國商參與政府主導共同研究發展聯盟的動機、類型和管理機制的相關研究」，國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
二、英文文獻

1. Adler, P.S. and Kwon, S.-W. (2002), “Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept”, Academy of Management Review, 27, pp.17-40.
2. Alder P. S. & Keok Seok-Woo (2000.), “Social Capital: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, in Lesser E. L. (ed.)”, Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications, Oxford: Butterworth - Heinemann press, pp.89-115
3. Anderson, E. (1990), “Two firms, one frontier ： In assessing joint venture performance”, Sloan Management Review, Winter, pp.19-30.
4. Andrew H. G., Arvind M. and Albert H. Segars (2001), “Knowledge Management：An Organizational Capabilities Perspective”, Journal of Management Information System, Vol.18.1, pp.185-214.
5. Arthur Anderson and The American Productivity and Quality Center (1996), “The Knowledge Management Assessment Tool: External Benchmarking Version”, Winter.
6. Badaracco, J.L.（1991）, “The Knowledge Link: How Firms Compete Through Strategic Alliances”, Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School.
7. Baker, W. (1990), “Market networks and corporate behavior”, American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp.589-625.
8. Baranson, J. (1990), “Transnational Strategic Alliances: Why, What,Where and How”, Multinational Business, 2.pp.54-61.
9. Beecham, M. A. & Cordey-Hayes, M. (1998), “Partnering and knowledge transfer in the U.K. motor industry”, Technovation, 18(3), pp.191-205.
10. Betz, F. (1993), “Managing Technology Competing Through New Ventures, Innovation, and Corporate Research”, Prentice Hall, N.J.
11. Boer, H. and W. E. During, (2001),“Innovation, what innovation？A comparison between product, process and organizational innovation,” International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 22, Nos. 1/2/3, pp.83-107.
12. Bose, R. (2003), “Knowledge management-enabled health care management systems: capabilities, infrastructure, and decision-support.” Expert systems with Applications 24(1), pp.59-71.
13. Burt, R. S.(1992), “Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition”, Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA.
14. Burt, R. S. (1997), “The Contingent Value of Social Capital”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, pp.339-365.
15. Chuang, S.H. (2004), “A resource-based perspective on knowledge management capability and competitive advantage: an empirical investigation”, Expert Systems with Applications, 27(3), pp.459-466.
16. Clark,J.＆Guy,K.(1998),“Innovation and Competitiveness, A Review, Technology Analysis ＆ Strategic Management”,10(3),pp.363-395.
17. Coleman, J. S. (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capita”, American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp.95-121
18. Cooper, R. G., (1985), “Industrial firms’s new product strategies,” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 13, pp.107-121.
19. Croteau, A. M., Li, P.(2003), “Critical success factors of CRM technological initiatives”,Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences 20(1),pp.21-33
20. Daft, R. L. (1978), “A Dual-Core Model of Organizational Innovation”, Academy of Management Joural, 21, pp.193-210.
21. Damanpour, F. (1991),. “Organizational Innovation：A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators” , Academy of Management Journal, 34(3),pp.555-590
22. Davenport, T. H., D. W. De Long and M. C. Beers (1999), “Successful Knowledge Management Projects.“ Sloan Management Review, winter, pp.43-57.
23. Demarest,M. (1997), “Understanding Knowledge Management”, Long Range Planning,30(3), pp.374-384
24. Devlin, G.& M. Bleackley (1988), “Strategies Alliances--Guidelines for Success”, Long Range Planning, 21(5), pp.18-23.
25. Dietzenbacher, E.(2000), “Spillovers of Innovation Effects”, Journal of Policy Modeling,22(1),pp.27-42
26. Dinneen, G..P. (1988), “R&D Consortia：Are they Working？”, Research and Development, pp.62-66.
27. Drucker P.F.,(1985),“Innovation and Entrepreneurship-Practice and Principles”, London: Heinemann .
28. Dyer,J.H. and Nobeoka,K.(2000),“Creating and managing a high-performance Knowledge-Sharing Network: The Toyata Case,” Strategic Management Journal, 21,pp.345-467.
29. Evan, W. and Olk, P.(1990), “R&D Consortia—A new U.S. Organizational Form,” Sloan Management Review, pp.37-46.
30. Folster, S.(1995), “Do subsidies to cooperative R&D actually stimulate R&D investment and cooperation?” , Research Policy 24, pp.403-417.
31. Fryxell,G.E.(1990), “Business-level process R&D : patterns and returns under different generic strategic orientations”, Int. J. Technology Management 5 (1),pp.41-63
32. Garcia, R. and R. Calantone(2002),“A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology: a literature review,” The Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 19, pp.110-132.
33. Gattiker,U.E.,(1990), “Technology Management in Organization”.,Sage,CA.
34. Glaister, K.W., Buckley, P.J., (1996), "Strategic motives for international alliance formation", Journal of Management Studies 33(3), pp.301-332.
35. Gold, A.H., Malhotra, A., Segars, A.H.,(2001), “Knowledge Management: an organizational capabilities perspective.”, Journal of Management Information Systems 18(1),pp.185–214.
36. Gopalakrishnan, S.(2000), “Unraveling the link between dimensions of innovation and organizational performance.”, Journal of High Technology Management Research 11,pp.137-153
37. Grant, R. M., 1995. “Contemporary strategy analysis.”, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.
38. Gulati, R. (1999), “Network Location and leaning: The Influence of Network Resources and Firm Capabilities on Alliance Formation”, Strategic Management Journal, 20, pp. 397-420.
39. Hagedoorn, J. & Narula, R. (1996), “Choosing organizational modes of strategic technology partnering: International sectoral differences”, Journal of International Business Studies, pp.265-284.
40. Hamel, G. (1991), “Competition for Competence and Interparter Learning within International Strategic Alliances”, Strategic Management Journal, 12, pp.83-103.
41. Hirschey,M. and Weygant (1985), “Amortization Policy for Advertising and Research and Development Expenditures,” Journal of Accounting Research, 23(1):pp326-335
42. Huber, G. P. （1991）,“Organizational Learning: the Contributing processes and the Literatures”, Organizational Science, Vol. 2, No.1, Feb.1991,p.90
43. Itami, H.R.(1987), “Mobilizing Invisible Assets”, Cambridge,Mass:Harvard University Press.
44. Jacobs, J. (1965), “The death and life of great American cities”, London: Penguin Books.
45. Javidon, M.(1998), “Core competences: what does it mean in practice?”, Long Range Planning 31(1), pp.60-71.
46. Kale P., Singh H. & Perlmutter H. (2000.), “Learning and Protection of Proprietary Assets in Strategic Alliances: Building Relational Capital.”, Strategic Management Journal 21:pp217-237.
47. Kanter, R.M. (1990), “When Giants Learn Cooperative Strategies”, Planning Review, January-February, pp.15-22.
48. Katz, M.L., (1986), “An Analysis of Cooperative Research and Development”, Journal of Economics, Winter, pp.1-2.
49. Kogut B.(1988.), “A study of life cycle of joint ventures. In F.K. Contractor and P.Lorange （eds.）”, Cooperative Strategies in International Business, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, pp169-186.
50. Koka, B. R. and Prescott, J. E.(2002), “Strategic alliances as social capital: A multidimensional view”, Strategic Management Journal, 23(9), pp.794-816
51. Lambe, C. J., & Spekman, R. E. (1997), “Alliances, External Technology Acquisition, and Discontinuous Technological Change”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 14(2), pp.102-116.
52. Lane,P. & Lubatkin,M.(1998),“Relative Absorptive Capacity and Interorganizational Learning”, Strategic Management Journal, 19, pp. 461-477.
53. Larson A. (1992), “Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings: a study of the governance of exchange relationships.”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, pp:76-104.
54. Lee, M.K. and Lee, M.K. (1992), “High Technology Consortia: A Panacea for America’s Technological Competitiveness Problems?” High Technology Law Journal, 6(2), pp.335-362.
55. Leong,G.K., Snyder,D.L., Ward,P.T.(1990), “Researching The Process and Content of Manufacturing Strategy.”, Omega,18,pp.109-122.
56. Liao, Z.(1998), “Corporate R&D strategy portfolio in Japanese an Australian technology-based firms : an empirical study.”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 45 (Nov), pp.323-331
57. Loury, G. C. (1987), “Why should we care about group inequality”, Journal of Management, 18, pp.299-429
58. Martin, Gimpl L, Dakin, Stephen R.(1984), “Management and Magic,” California Management Review.27(Fall), pp.125-136.
59. Martinez-Ros, E.(2000), “Explaining the decisions to carry out product and process innovation : the Spanish case.”,The Journal of High Technology Management Research 10 (2),pp.223-243
60. McEvily, B. and Zaheer, A. (1999), “Bridging ties: a source of firm heterogeneity incompetitive capabilities”, Strategic Management Journal, 20(12), pp.1133–1156.
61. Miller,J.G., Meyer,A.D.& Nakane,J.(1992), “Benchmarking Global Manufacturing Understanding International Suppliers,Customers,and Competitors.”, Irwin.
62. Millett, Stephen M.(1990), “The Strategic Management of Technological R&D: An Ideal Process for the 1990s”, International Journal of Technology Management.5(2), pp.153-163.
63. Mody, A.(1992), “Staying in the Loop：International Alliances for Sharing Technology”, World Bank Discussion Papers, pp.1-16.
64. Moran P. & Ghoshal S.(1996), “Theories of economic organizations:the case for relism and balance.”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 21,No.1,pp.58-72.
65. Mothe, C. & Queilin,B.V.(2001), “Resource Creation and Partnership in R&D Consortia”, Journal of High Technology Management Research, Vol. 12, No. 1,pp.113-138.
66. Nahapiet J. & Ghoshal S. (1998), “Social Capital, Intellectual Capital and the Organizational Advantage.”, Academy of Management Review 23,pp.242-266.
67. Nicholson, G. J., Alexander, M. & Kiel, G. C. (2004), “ Defining the Social Capital of the Board of Directors: An Exploratory Study”, Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management, 10(1), pp.54-72.
68. Nonaka, I. & Takuchi, H. (1995), “The Knowledge-Creating company”, Oxfor University Press, New York, pp.70-85.
69. Nonaka, I., Toyama, R. & Konno, N. (2000), “SECI, Ba and Leadership: a Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation”, Long Range Planning, 33, pp. 5-34.
70. Odagiri, H., Nakamura, Y., Shibuya, M., (1997), “Research consortia as a vehicle for basic research: The case of a fifth generation computer project in Japan”, Research Policy, 24, pp.403-417.
71. Ohmae, K. (1989), “The Global Logic of Strategic Alliance”, HarvardBusiness Review, Mar. /Apr., pp.143-154.
72. Pfeffer, J. and Nowak, P.,(1976), “Joint ventures and interorganizational interdependence”, Administrative Science Quarterly,pp.398-418.
73. Polanyi, M.(1967), The Tacit Dimension, N.Y.: M. E. Sharp Inc.
74. Porter, M.E. (1990), “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, NewYork: Free Press.
75. Porter, M. E., & Fuller, M. B. (1986), “Coalitions and Global Strategy”, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, pp315-344.
76. Portes A. & Sensenbrenner J. (1993), “ Embedeness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action”, American Journal of Sociology, 98, pp.1320-1350.
77. Pound, J. (1995), “The Promise of the Governed Corporation”, Harvard Business Review, 73(2), pp89-99.
78. Putnam R. D.(1995), “Bowling alone: America’s Declining Social Capital.”, Journal of Democracy. 6(1):pp65-78.
79. Reenen, J.V.(1997), “Employment and technological innovation : evidence form U.K. manufacturing firms.”, Journal of Labor Economics 15 (2) : 255-83.
80. Ring P.S. & Van de Ven A.H .(1994),“Developmental processes of cooperative interorganizational relationship.”, Academy of Management Review, 19: pp90-118.
81. Rothwell, R. & Gardiner P. (1985), “Invention, Innovation, re- innovation and the role of the user ”, Technovation, Vol.3 , pp.167-186.
82. Schroeder,R.G.,Benson,P.G.,Saraph,J.V.(1989), “An Instrument for Measuring The Critical Factors of Quality Management.”, Decision Science,20,pp.810-829.
83. Smilor, R. and Gibson, D. (1991), “Accelerating technology transfer in R&D consortia,” Research Technology Management,vol.35,no.1, pp.44-49
84. Song,.X.M.&Parry,M.E.(1997), “A Cross-National Comparative Study of New Product Development Process：Japan and the United States.”, Journal of Marketing,61(April),pp.1-18..
85. Souder, W.E. and Nassar, S. (1990), “Choosing an R&D Consortium” Research Technology Management, pp.35-41.
86. Souder, W.E. and Nassar, S. (1990), “Managing R&D Consortia for Success”, Research Technology Management, pp.44-50.
87. Tripsas, M.,Schrader, S. & Sobrero, M. (1995), “Discouraging Opportunistic Behavior in Collaborative R&D: a New Role for Government”, Research Policy, 24, pp. 367-389.
88. Tsai, W. & Ghoshal, S. (1998), “ Social Capital and Value Creation: The Role of Intrarfirm Networks”, Academy of Management Journal, 41, pp. 464-476.
89. Tsai, W. (2000), “Social Capital, Strategic Relatedness and the Formatition of Interaorganal Linkages”, Strategic Management Journal, 21, pp. 925-939.
90. Tsai,C.H., Chen, W.C., and Liu, P.L.(2004), “An empirical study on the correlation between knowledge management capability and competitiveness in Taiwan’s industries”, Technovation, 24(12), pp.971-977.
91. Tushman,M.& Nadler,D.(1986), “Organizing for Innovation”, California Management Review, 3,pp.74-92.
92. Utterback,J.M.(1994), “Innovation and Industrial Evolution,Mastering The Dynamics of Innovation”, Harvard Business School Press,pp.79-102.
93. Venkatraman, N. and Ramanujam, Vasudevan (1986), “Measurement of Business Performance in Strategy Research: a Comparison of Approaches”, Academy of Management Review, 11, pp.121-138.
94. Vinod, K. (1995), “The role of R&D consortia in technology development”, Occasional Paper, 3, pp.7-27.
95. Vrakking.W.J. (1990), “The Innovative Organization.”, Long Range Planning, 23(2), pp.94-102.
96. Yli-Renko H., Autio, E. & Sapienza H.J.(2001), “Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms.”, Strategic Management Journal, 22: pp.587-613.
97. Walker, O. C.Jr.& Ruekert,R.W.(1987), “Marketing's Role in The Implementation of Business Strategies：A Critical Review and Conceptual Framework.”, Journal of Marketing,51,pp.25.
98. Wheelwright,S.C.(1978), “Reflecting Corporate Strategy in Manufacturing Decision”, Business Harisons,Feb,pp.57-66.
99. Zif, J. and D.J. McCarthy.(1997), “The R&D cycle : the influence of product and process R&D on short-term ROI.”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 44 (May),pp114-123.